The effects of organic and inorganic phosphorus amendments on the biochemical attributes and active microbial population of agriculture podzols following silage corn cultivation in boreal climate

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) is the second most important macronutrient that limits the plant growth, development and productivity. Inorganic P fertilization in podzol soils predominantly bound with aluminum and iron, thereby reducing its availability to crop plants. Dairy manure (DM) amendment to agricultural soils can improve physiochemical properties, nutrient cycling through enhanced enzyme and soil microbial activities leading to improved P bioavailability to crops. We hypothesized that DM amendment in podzol soil will improve biochemical attributes and microbial community and abundance in silage corn cropping system under boreal climate. We evaluated the effects of organic and inorganic P amendments on soil biochemical attributes and abundance in podzol soil under boreal climate. Additionally, biochemical attributes and microbial population and abundance under short-term silage corn monocropping system was also investigated. Experimental treatments were [P0 (control); P1: DM with high P2O5; P2: DM with low P2O5; P3: inorganic P and five silage-corn genotypes (Fusion RR, Yukon R, A4177G3RIB, DKC 23-17RIB and DKC 26-28RIB) were laid out in a randomized complete block design in factorial settings with three replications. Results showed that P1 treatment increased acid phosphatase (AP-ase) activity (29% and 44%), and soil available P (SAP) (60% and 39%) compared to control treatment, during 2016 and 2017, respectively. Additionally, P1 treatments significantly increased total bacterial phospholipids fatty acids (ΣB-PLFA), total phospholipids fatty acids (ΣPLFA), fungi, and eukaryotes compared to control and inorganic P. Yukon R and DKC 26-28RIB genotypes exhibited higher total bacterial PLFA, fungi, and total PLFA in their rhizospheres compared to the other genotypes. Redundancy analyses showed promising association between P1 and P2 amendment, biochemical attributes and active microbial population and Yukon R and DKC 26-28RIB genotypes. Pearson correlation also demonstrated significant and positive correlation between AP-ase, SAP and gram negative bacteria (G−), fungi, ΣB-PLFA, and total PLFA. Study results demonstrated that P1 treatment enhanced biochemical attributes, active microbial community composition and abundance and forage production of silage corn. Results further demonstrated higher active microbial population and abundance in rhizosphere of Yukon R and DKC 26-28RIB genotypes. Therefore, we argue that dairy manure amendment with high P2O5 in podzol soils could be a sustainable nutrient source to enhance soil quality, health and forage production of silage corn. Yukon R and DKC 26-28RIB genotypes showed superior agronomic performance, therefore, could be good fit under boreal climatic conditions.

Monitoring N : P Ratio and Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn Contents in Different Types of Anaerobic Digestates: A Six-Year Study Case

“…ere was a significant difference between pH values of the separated fractions with the solid fraction having higher pH at all analyzing dates. is confirms the finding of other studies, in which separation also lead to solid fractions with higher pH than the liquid fraction [4,9]. Digestion also leads to a significant raise of pH from the Cattle slurry to the related digestate DG Cattle on all dates.…”

“…Plant availability of P is, for example, reduced by complexation with iron and aluminum hydroxides in acidic soils or calcium in alkaline soils or by adsorption on external and internal surfaces of soil particles, especially clay [7,8]. However, it is known that some organic fertilizers such as dairy manure improve plant availability of phosphorus through enhanced enzyme and soil microbial activities [9]. Since digestates usually also lead to an increase in soil microbial activity [10], they may likewise lead to an increase in phosphorus plant availability.…”

A long‐term no‐tillage system can increase enzymatic activity and maintain bacterial richness in paddy fields

“…NT can significantly increase organic phosphates, these forms of phosphorus constitute 5–50% of the total amount of this element in the soil and increase acid phosphatase activity (Ali et al, 2019). The organic P fraction is essential for microorganism and plants nutrition (Ali et al, 2019). Microbes dephosphorylate substrates by producing organic phosphorus compounds.…”

“…Phosphate fertilization helps reduce soil acid phosphatase activity (Pandey et al, 2014). In NT, the increased levels of carbon and humic substances along with clay may have formed complexes with phosphorus that were resistant to acid phosphatase activity (Ali et al, 2019). But, the greater acid phosphatase activity observed in NT is probably because organic P and P immobilized in microbial biomass (MBP) (Ali et al, 2019).…”

Root membrane lipids as potential biomarkers to discriminate silage‐corn genotypes cultivated on podzolic soils in boreal climate

“…Silage‐corn ( Zea mays L.) is a principal forage crop grown in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) to fulfill the dairy industry forage needs (Kwabiah 2003, Ali et al 2019b, 2019a). It has high yield potential, source of high energy and uniformity in quality with one cut harvest (Kirkland et al 2005, Rankin 2014, Ali et al 2019a, Ali et al 2019b). Moreover, it is highly palatable and preservable due to high soluble sugar contents (Karsten et al 2003).…”