The effects of nitrate ingestion on high-intensity endurance time-trial performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Wong, Tak Hiong; Sim, Alexiaa; Burns, Stephen F.

doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2022.06.004

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Concerning sports performance, studies have shown that BRJ supplementation can improve endurance performance, increase muscle blood flow [7], enhance oxygen transfer to mitochondria, and improve muscle contraction-relaxation processes [12,13]. However, its effect on power performance is less studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players

Hemmatinafar,

Zaremoayedi,

Koushkie Jahromi

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Background: Beetroot juice (BRJ) contains various bioactive compounds suggested to be effective in improving athlete recovery. However, the number of studies evaluating the effects of BRJ on recovery and muscle soreness (MS) indicators in female athletes is limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effects of BRJ consumption on the performance recovery indicators and MS after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in female volleyball players. Methods: Twelve young female volleyball players were evaluated in this study. We utilized a randomized, cross-over, and double-blind design during two phases with a 30-day interval (wash-out). During each phase, EIMD was performed first, followed by BRJ or placebo (PLA) supplementation for two days (eight servings of 50 mL). Recovery monitoring of performance indicators and MS was performed after EIMD. The results of wall-sit, V sit and reach (VSFT), vertical jump height (VJH), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and thigh swelling (Sw-T) tests were recorded 48 h after EIMD. Also, the Perceived Muscle Soreness was recorded using the visual analog scale (VAS) 12 (MS-12 h), 24 (MS-24 h), and 48 (MS-48 h) hours after EIMD. Results: The data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures of ANOVA at p < 0.05. Compared to PLA, BRJ supplementation improves wall-sit performance after EIMD (p < 0.05), while reducing Sw-T and perceived muscle soreness (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between PLA and BRJ in VJH and VSFT performance after EIMD (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the consumption of BRJ in female volleyball players can be useful for improving some recovery indicators, such as muscle endurance, perceived muscle soreness, and tissue edema, after EIMD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players

Hemmatinafar,

Zaremoayedi,

Koushkie Jahromi

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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“…It was also shown that chronic dietary nitrate supplementation results in the long‐term storage of nitrate and nitrite in skeletal muscle 65,66 . Moreover, previous evidence highlights that the oxygen cost of exercise remains reduced with chronic supplementation, and the performance benefits persist 56,64 …”

Section: Examples Of Ergogenic Aids That Fit the Classic Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…65,66 Moreover, previous evidence highlights that the oxygen cost of exercise remains reduced with chronic supplementation, and the performance benefits persist. 56,64…”

Section: Chronic Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has been proposed to occur through the improvement of either skeletal muscle contractile or mitochondrial efficiency, although the evidence for contractile changes 58–61 is stronger than for mitochondrial efficiency changes 57,58,62 . Importantly, this has been shown to translate to improvements in time trial performance 55,63,64 . Interestingly, the plasma concentrations of nitrate and nitrite have been shown to decrease dramatically following a bout of maximal exercise, 56 suggesting that the nitrate and nitrite are utilized during exercise.…”

Section: Examples Of Ergogenic Aids That Fit the Classic Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Food for thought: Physiological considerations for nutritional ergogenic efficacy

Wickham

Spriet

2023

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Top‐class athletes have optimized their athletic performance largely through adequate training, nutrition, recovery, and sleep. A key component of sports nutrition is the utilization of nutritional ergogenic aids, which may provide a small but significant increase in athletic performance. Over the last decade, there has been an exponential increase in the consumption of nutritional ergogenic aids, where over 80% of young athletes report using at least one nutritional ergogenic aid for training and/or competition. Accordingly, due to their extensive use, there is a growing need for strong scientific investigations validating or invalidating the efficacy of novel nutritional ergogenic aids. Notably, an overview of the physiological considerations that play key roles in determining ergogenic efficacy is currently lacking. Therefore, in this brief review, we discuss important physiological considerations that contribute to ergogenic efficacy for nutritional ergogenic aids that are orally ingested including (1) the impact of first pass metabolism, (2) rises in systemic concentrations, and (3) interactions with the target tissue. In addition, we explore mouth rinsing as an alternate route of ergogenic efficacy that bypasses the physiological hurdles of first pass metabolism via direct stimulation of the central nervous system. Moreover, we provide real‐world examples and discuss several practical factors that can alter the efficacy of nutritional ergogenic aids including human variability, dosing protocols, training status, sex differences, and the placebo effect. Taking these physiological considerations into account will strengthen the quality and impact of the literature regarding the efficacy of potential ergogenic aids for top‐class athletes.

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“…Yet, the meta-analysis by Wong et al [30] revealed no changes in power during high-intensity interval training. Additionally, look at more recent review and meta-analysis papers on nitrate supplementation [31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Short-Term Sodium Nitrate versus Sodium Chloride Supplementation on Energy and Lipid Metabolism during High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise in Athletes

et al. 2023

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The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of chronic nitrate supplementation on the metabolites of energy metabolism during high-intensity, high-volume intermittent training (HIHVT). In this placebo-controlled double-blind study, 17 participants exercised 3 times a week on a cycle ergometer. Sodium nitrate or sodium chloride as the placebo was supplemented daily at 8.5 mg/kg body weight for 10 days. The training exercise consisted of a warm-up, a 45-min interval period, and a post-exercise period. Oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, and various parameters were measured in the venous blood and plasma. During training, the oxygen uptake and respiratory exchange ratio did not differ between the nitrate and the placebo group. Venous plasma concentrations of nitrate and nitrite were significantly increased in the nitrate group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.007, respectively). Triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the nitrate group than in the placebo group (p = 0.010). The concentration of free fatty acids in the plasma did not change upon nitrate supplementation and no significant differences were observed in the contribution of fat to energy metabolism during exercise. An increase in plasma ammonia concentration was observed in the nitrate group during and after exercise (p = 0.048). Metabolites of energy-rich phosphates did not differ between the nitrate and chloride groups, suggesting no improvement in efficiency through the supplemented nitrate. It was concluded that nitrate supplementation did not reduce oxygen uptake and adenosine triphosphate resynthesis by hydrolysis or through creatine kinase activity during high-intensity, high-volume intermittent exercise. Although, lipid metabolism as well as amino acid metabolism might be affected by nitrate supplementation during HIHVT.

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The effects of nitrate ingestion on high-intensity endurance time-trial performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 64 publications

Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players

Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players

Food for thought: Physiological considerations for nutritional ergogenic efficacy

Effects of Short-Term Sodium Nitrate versus Sodium Chloride Supplementation on Energy and Lipid Metabolism during High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise in Athletes

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