The Effects of Nano-Additives Added to Diesel-Biodiesel Fuel Blends on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine: A Review

Abstract

How to improve the combustion efficiency and reduce harmful emissions has been a hot research topic in the engine field and related disciplines. Researchers have found that nano-additives to diesel-biodiesel fuel blends have achieved significant results. Many research results and both current and previous studies on nanoparticles have shown that nano-additives play an essential role in improving the performance of internal combustion engines and reducing the emission of harmful substances. This paper summarizes the recent research progress of nanoparticles as additives for diesel-biodiesel fuel blends. Firstly, the excellent properties of nanoparticles are described in detail, and the preparation methods are summarized and discussed. Secondly, the effects of several commonly used nanoparticles as diesel-biodiesel fuel blends on combustion performance and harmful substances emissions in terms of combustion thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, CO, UHC and NOx, are reviewed. Finally, the effects of nano-additives on internal combustion engines, the environment and human health are discussed. The work carried out in this paper can effectively contribute to the application of nanomaterials in the fuel field. Based on our work, the researchers can efficiently select suitable nano-additives that enable internal combustion engines to achieve efficient combustion and low-emission characteristics.

Study on Using Graphene and Graphite Nanoparticles as Fuel Additives in Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel

“…The heat release rate (HRR) increases with engine load due to the higher fuel injected per stroke [32]. Therefore, blends with NP additive showed higher HRR at low load and close to diesel at full load, as shown in Figs.…”

“…Increasing the engine load advanced the SoC for all the blends fuels averagely by 0.23-0.81 % at full load due to the increased in-cylinder temperature [32]. Graphite additive in B40C1 showed a slightly advanced SoC than graphene platelets B40NcP1 due to graphite NP's higher reactivity and lower viscosity in the B40C1 blend that improved the fuel spray and combustion characteristics [32]. At full engine load (100%), SoC for NP additives blends was retarded by about 0.57 • CA and 0.35 • CA compared to W100; and 0.81 • CA and 0.58 • CA compared to D100 fuel (Fig.…”

“…In this study, butanol was used to dilute the nano-emulsified fuel. Butanol has distinct properties that help prepare stable fuel blends and act as a fuel binder [31,32]. Literature suggested that up to 20% butanol can be used in the fuel blends to achieve optimum engine performance and combustion characteristics [31,32].…”

“…Butanol has distinct properties that help prepare stable fuel blends and act as a fuel binder [31,32]. Literature suggested that up to 20% butanol can be used in the fuel blends to achieve optimum engine performance and combustion characteristics [31,32]. Firstly, four base samples were prepared by blending WCOB, diesel and butanol: B40, B50, B80, and B90, as shown in Table 2.…”

“…10 shows the Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) of the investigated fuel blends at different engine loads. The BTE is the fuel conversion efficiency, which equals the braking power to the heat equivalent of the consumed fuel [32]. In general, the BTE for all fuel blends were lower than diesel fuel due to the lower energy contents (CV) [27].…”