The Effects of Multi-Modal Representations Used within the Context of Process-Based Instruction on Problem Solving, Academic Achievement, and Retention

Abstract

The effects of multi-modal representations used within the context of process-based instruction on problem solving, academic achievement, and retention.

The effectiveness of the P5BL model in teaching biology for developing high school students’ deep understanding and academic achievement motivation

“…This result reinforces the importance of the learning styles included in the P 5 BL model, such as problem-based learning, which enhances learners' curiosity, knowledge, academic ambition and insistence to solve the problem (Ampofo & Osei-Owusu, 2015;Tolba, 2017). Process-based learning motivates learners' thinking and information processing in order to effectively store information in the brain (Duman & Yakar, 2019;Tolba, 2017). People-based learning allows students to learn together, learn from others, and achieve personal sat isfaction (Hills, 2001).…”

“…In the projectbased learning stage, the goal-orientation motive is activated, as the students are asked to work in groups to solve life-related problems, practice science processes represented in formulating hypotheses and verifying them, conduct investigations, search for information, collect data and evidence, and then reach and interpret results to achieve a high degree of deep understanding of scientific concepts and to be aware of mental processes (Bell, 2010;Mioduser & Betzer, 2008;Mubassyr et al, 2021;Solomon, 2003). In the process-based and people-based learning stages, goal orientation and achievement motivation are activated as the teacher encourages their students to carry out various activities on the subject matter, practice inquiry, explore and de velop conceptual knowledge consciously, process information to reach more accurate scientific interpretations, construct meaning, and focus attention on the real goal of learning (Duman & Yakar, 2019;Tolba, 2017). Thinking processes are also activated to achieve personal satisfaction through practicing thought-provoking activities (Hills, 2001;Hrynchak & Batty, 2012).…”