The effects of mineral nitrogen limitation, competition, arbuscular mycorrhiza, and their respective interactions, on morphological and chemical plant traits of Plantago lanceolata

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Physiological Performance of Catalpa bungei C.A.Mey. under Drought Stress

“…Moreover, the correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between AMF colonization and SLA (r = 0.954, p < 0.01) and Pn (r = 0.695, p < 0.05). Increased SLA enhances the photosynthetic area and thus the leaf photosynthetic rate, which is conducive to the accumulation of photosynthetic products [61]. Similar results were also found in Cynophalla flexuosa [64] and wheat (Triticum spp.)…”

“…Pronounced changes in the biomass allocation pattern could be interpreted as an adaptive strategy to overcome water and/or nutrient depletion more quickly [60,61]. In this study, water status significantly affected biomass allocation, regardless of the inoculation status.…”

Untargeted metabolic profiling reveals geography as the strongest predictor of metabolic phenotypes of a cosmopolitan weed

“…This demonstrates that differences in edaphic conditions within a given habitat may result in differences in the expression of specialized metabolites in the metabolome, even with low population sampling numbers. Nutrient levels and nutrient availability are influenced by and often correlated with soil pH (Sims & Patrick, 1977), and changes in both pH and nutrient availability have been shown to influence the concentrations and composition of secondary metabolites produced in Plantago species (e.g., Darrow & Bowers, 1999;Jarzomski et al, 2000;Miehe-Steier et al, 2015;Pankoke et al, 2015). In the current study, pH significantly accounts for changes in eight unique metabolic features, and no overlap was found with the significant metabolic features explained by geographic or other factors, which suggests these features are associated with local adaptation independent of geographic and genotypic variation (Latzel, Janecek, Dolezal, Klimesova, & Bossdorf, 2014;Metlen, Aschehoug, & Callaway, 2009).…”

“…A wide array of environmental factors have been shown to influence the types or concentrations of specialized metabolites produced by the model Plantago species, including plant/leaf age and phenology (Barton, 2008;Hanley et al, 2013;Pankoke et al, 2013;Sutter & Muller, 2011), herbivore and pest damage (Bowers, Collinge, Gamble, & Schmitt, 1992;Sutter & Muller, 2011), genotype (Adler, Schmitt, & Bowers, 1995;Al-Mamun, Abe, Kofujita, Tamura, & Sano, 2008;Barton, 2007;Marak, Biere, & van Damme, 2002;Zubair et al, 2012), habitat type (Adler et al, 1995), plant competition (Barton & Bowers, 2006;Pankoke, Hopfner, Matuszak, Beyschlag, & Muller, 2015;Waschke, Hancock, Hilker, Obermaier, & Meiners, 2015), associations with microorganisms including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Bennett & Bever, 2007;Bennett, Macrae, Moore, Caul, & Johnson, 2013;Fontana, Reichelt, Hempel, Gershenzon, & Unsicker, 2009;Schweiger et al, 2014;Wang, Bezemer, van der Putten, & Biere, 2015), nutrient levels (Darrow & Bowers, 1999;Jarzomski, Stamp, & Bowers, 2000;Miehe-Steier, Roscher, Reichelt, Gershenzon, & Unsicker, 2015;Pankoke et al, 2015), UV levels (McCloud & Berenbaum, 1999;Murai et al, 2009), and variation in geography and climate (Mølgaard, 1986;Murai et al, 2009;Pellissier, Roger, Bilat, & Rasmann, 2014;Reudler & Elzinga, 2015).…”

“…Despite the extensive chemical ecology literature that exists for Plantago, still little is understood about metabolome-wide responses (but see Sutter & Muller, 2011;Pankoke et al, 2013Pankoke et al, , 2015and Schweiger et al, 2014). As is the case for most model plant systems, the regulation and expression of plant metabolites have traditionally been assessed under controlled conditions and focus on the response of a handful of targeted (specific) metabolites to simplified environmental factors.…”