Beneficial Soil Microbiota as Mediators of the Plant Defensive Phenotype and Aboveground Plant-Herbivore Interactions

Schädler, Martin; Ballhorn, Daniel J.

doi:10.1007/124_2016_13

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 251 publications

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“…It remains possible, however, that some of the observed effects of B. japonicum might be partially attributable to subtle differences in plant nitrogen sources. Such effects have so far received little attention in the context of indirect plant defence [21,44], although some previous work has raised the possibility that differences in the form of nitrogen supplied by rhizobia (versus fertilizer) might influence plant-herbivore interactions (e.g. [21]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effects of mutualistic rhizobacteria counteract virus-induced suppression of indirect plant defences in soya bean

et al. 2019

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It is increasingly clear that microbial plant symbionts can influence interactions between their plant hosts and other organisms. However, such effects remain poorly understood, particularly under ecologically realistic conditions where plants simultaneously interact with diverse mutualists and antagonists. Here, we examine how the effects of a plant virus on indirect plant defences against its insect vector are influenced by co-occurrence of other microbial plant symbionts. Using a multi-factorial design, we manipulated colonization of soya bean using three different microbes: a pathogenic plant virus (bean pod mottle virus (BPMV)), a nodule-forming beneficial rhizobacterium ( Bradyrhizobium japonicum ) and a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium ( Delftia acidovorans ). We then assessed recruitment of parasitoids ( Pediobious foveolatus (Eulophidae)) and parasitism rates following feeding by the BPMV vector Epilachna varivestis (Coccinellidae). BPMV infection suppressed parasitoid recruitment, prolonged parasitoid foraging time and reduced parasitism rates in semi-natural foraging assays. However, simultaneous colonization of BPMV-infected hosts by both rhizobacteria restored parasitoid recruitment and rates of parasitism to levels similar to uninfected controls. Co-colonization by the two rhizobacteria also enhanced parasitoid recruitment in the absence of BPMV infection. These results illustrate the potential of plant-associated microbes to influence indirect plant defences, with implications for disease transmission and herbivory, but also highlight the potential complexity of such interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effects of mutualistic rhizobacteria counteract virus-induced suppression of indirect plant defences in soya bean

et al. 2019

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“…This resource supply may also allow plants to invest more into resistance against generalist insect herbivores (Bi et al 2007; Gange and West 1994;Halldórsson et al 2000;Jones and Last 1991;Kempel et al 2010;Yao et al 2007). Several authors, however, have observed that this protective effect cannot be attributed only to the improved nutritional status (Fritz et al 2006) because belowground mutualists also may affect the plant's defensive phenotype in multiple and interacting ways (Schädler and Ballhorn 2017). Mycorrhizal fungi should enable the plant to express defense responses even under conditions where they do not provide a nutritive benefit.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tree Response to Herbivory Is Affected by Endogenous Rhythmic Growth and Attenuated by Cotreatment With a Mycorrhizal Fungus

Bacht

Tarkka

López

et al. 2019

MPMI

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Herbivores and mycorrhizal fungi interactively influence growth, resource utilization, and plant defense responses. We studied these interactions in a tritrophic system comprising Quercus robur, the herbivore Lymantria dispar, and the ectomycorrhizal fungus Piloderma croceum under controlled laboratory conditions at the levels of gene expression and carbon and nitrogen (C/N) allocation. Taking advantage of the endogenous rhythmic growth displayed by oak, we thereby compared gene transcript abundances and resource shifts during shoot growth with those during the alternating root growth flushes. During root flush, herbivore feeding on oak leaves led to an increased expression of genes related to plant growth and enriched gene ontology terms related to cell wall, DNA replication, and defense. C/N-allocation analyses indicated an increased export of resources from aboveground plant parts to belowground. Accordingly, the expression of genes related to the transport of carbohydrates increased upon herbivore attack in leaves during the root flush stage. Inoculation with an ectomycorrhizal fungus attenuated these effects but, instead, caused an increased expression of genes related to the production of volatile organic compounds. We conclude that oak defense response against herbivory is strong in root flush at the transcriptomic level but this response is strongly inhibited by inoculation with ectomycorrhizal fungi and it is extremely weak at shoot flush.

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“…Plant-microbe interactions play an important role in plant health and productivity and have received increasing attention for their roles in natural ecosystems as well as in agriculture for their utilization in advanced plant breeding ( Busby et al, 2017 ; Hacquard et al, 2017 ; Kroll et al, 2017 ). Many bacteria are considered to be either harmless or to benefit a plant under certain conditions, and some are suspected to be even involved in aboveground defenses against herbivores ( Badri et al, 2013 ; Humphrey et al, 2014 ; Schädler and Ballhorn, 2016 ) or flowering phenology ( Wagner et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial peptide expression in a wild tobacco plant reveals the limits of host-microbe-manipulations in the field

Weinhold

Dorcheh

et al. 2018

eLife

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Plant-microbe associations are thought to be beneficial for plant growth and resistance against biotic or abiotic stresses, but for natural ecosystems, the ecological analysis of microbiome function remains in its infancy. We used transformed wild tobacco plants (Nicotiana attenuata) which constitutively express an antimicrobial peptide (Mc-AMP1) of the common ice plant, to establish an ecological tool for plant-microbe studies in the field. Transgenic plants showed in planta activity against plant-beneficial bacteria and were phenotyped within the plants´ natural habitat regarding growth, fitness and the resistance against herbivores. Multiple field experiments, conducted over 3 years, indicated no differences compared to isogenic controls. Pyrosequencing analysis of the root-associated microbial communities showed no major alterations but marginal effects at the genus level. Experimental infiltrations revealed a high heterogeneity in peptide tolerance among native isolates and suggests that the diversity of natural microbial communities can be a major obstacle for microbiome manipulations in nature.

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Beneficial Soil Microbiota as Mediators of the Plant Defensive Phenotype and Aboveground Plant-Herbivore Interactions

Cited by 12 publications

References 251 publications

Combined effects of mutualistic rhizobacteria counteract virus-induced suppression of indirect plant defences in soya bean

Combined effects of mutualistic rhizobacteria counteract virus-induced suppression of indirect plant defences in soya bean

Tree Response to Herbivory Is Affected by Endogenous Rhythmic Growth and Attenuated by Cotreatment With a Mycorrhizal Fungus

Antimicrobial peptide expression in a wild tobacco plant reveals the limits of host-microbe-manipulations in the field

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