The Effects of Methylglyoxal on Glutathione <i>S</i>-Transferase from <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>

Hoque, Md. Anamul; Uraji, Misugi; Banu, Mst. Nasrin Akhter; Mori, Izumi C.; Nakamura, Yoshimasa; Murata, Yoshiyuki

doi:10.1271/bbb.100393

Cited by 54 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Hydroxyglutatione hydrolase is involved in methylglyoxal detoxification which is a toxic molecule generated from the degradation of glycolytic products [46]. Hydroxyglutatione hydrolase prevents methylglyoxal accumulation by converting it to D-lactate in presence of glutathione [47]. These results suggest that P. brasiliensis remodels its energy metabolism in response to iron starvation by increasing glycolytic activity to compensate for the decrease of aerobic pathways, that are iron dependent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Proteomic Analysis Reveals That Iron Availability Alters the Metabolic Status of the Pathogenic Fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

et al. 2011

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Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a thermodimorphic fungus and the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). The ability of P. brasiliensis to uptake nutrients is fundamental for growth, but a reduction in the availability of iron and other nutrients is a host defense mechanism many pathogenic fungi must overcome. Thus, fungal mechanisms that scavenge iron from host may contribute to P. brasiliensis virulence. In order to better understand how P. brasiliensis adapts to iron starvation in the host we compared the two-dimensional (2D) gel protein profile of yeast cells during iron starvation to that of iron rich condition. Protein spots were selected for comparative analysis based on the protein staining intensity as determined by image analysis. A total of 1752 protein spots were selected for comparison, and a total of 274 out of the 1752 protein spots were determined to have changed significantly in abundance due to iron depletion. Ninety six of the 274 proteins were grouped into the following functional categories; energy, metabolism, cell rescue, virulence, cell cycle, protein synthesis, protein fate, transcription, cellular communication, and cell fate. A correlation between protein and transcript levels was also discovered using quantitative RT-PCR analysis from RNA obtained from P. brasiliensis under iron restricting conditions and from yeast cells isolated from infected mouse spleens. In addition, western blot analysis and enzyme activity assays validated the differential regulation of proteins identified by 2-D gel analysis. We observed an increase in glycolytic pathway protein regulation while tricarboxylic acid cycle, glyoxylate and methylcitrate cycles, and electron transport chain proteins decreased in abundance under iron limiting conditions. These data suggest a remodeling of P. brasiliensis metabolism by prioritizing iron independent pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Proteomic Analysis Reveals That Iron Availability Alters the Metabolic Status of the Pathogenic Fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

et al. 2011

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“…study, where heterotrophs were hypothesized to decrease oxidative stress in the cyanobacterium via catalase-dependent ROS scavenging (Morris et al, 2008). In Shewanella W3-18-1, transcript levels of genes involved in oxidative stress response and scavenging of ROS radicals displayed broad decrease under co-culture conditions, which included putative 1 O 2 protection (chrR regulon) (Dufour et al, 2008) and methylglyoxal degradation (Hoque et al, 2010) pathways (Table 4 and Supplementary Table S4). Because of the propensity of marine heterotrophs to produce large quantities of extracellular superoxide and related ROS (Diaz et al, 2013), our observations indicate that some photoautotrophs may provide community-level protection against oxidative stress as opposed to being protected by other members.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inference of interactions in cyanobacterial–heterotrophic co-cultures via transcriptome sequencing

et al. 2014

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We used deep sequencing technology to identify transcriptional adaptation of the euryhaline unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 and the marine facultative aerobe Shewanella putrefaciens W3-18-1 to growth in a co-culture and infer the effect of carbon flux distributions on photoautotroph-heterotroph interactions. The overall transcriptome response of both organisms to co-cultivation was shaped by their respective physiologies and growth constraints. Carbon limitation resulted in the expansion of metabolic capacities, which was manifested through the transcriptional upregulation of transport and catabolic pathways. Although growth coupling occurred via lactate oxidation or secretion of photosynthetically fixed carbon, there was evidence of specific metabolic interactions between the two organisms. These hypothesized interactions were inferred from the excretion of specific amino acids (for example, alanine and methionine) by the cyanobacterium, which correlated with the downregulation of the corresponding biosynthetic machinery in Shewanella W3-18-1. In addition, the broad and consistent decrease of mRNA levels for many Fe-regulated Synechococcus 7002 genes during co-cultivation may indicate increased Fe availability as well as more facile and energy-efficient mechanisms for Fe acquisition by the cyanobacterium. Furthermore, evidence pointed at potentially novel interactions between oxygenic photoautotrophs and heterotrophs related to the oxidative stress response as transcriptional patterns suggested that Synechococcus 7002 rather than Shewanella W3-18-1 provided scavenging functions for reactive oxygen species under co-culture conditions. This study provides an initial insight into the complexity of photoautotrophic-heterotrophic interactions and brings new perspectives of their role in the robustness and stability of the association.

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“…However, MG induction of cellular GSH imbalance is not limited to endothelial cells. MG-induced decreases in GSH as well as in GSH-dependent enzymes, such as GSSG reductase and GSH S -transferase, have been demonstrated in rat vascular smooth muscle cells [23] and even in plant cells [24], indicating a common cross-species effect of MG in cellular GSH disruption. Our data are consistent with the notion that MG-associated consumption of cellular GSH is the result of glyoxalase I-catalyzed MG metabolism (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute carbonyl stress induces occludin glycation and brain microvascular endothelial barrier dysfunction: Role for glutathione-dependent metabolism of methylglyoxal

Maloney

Circu

et al. 2013

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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We recently demonstrated that methylglyoxal (MG) induced apoptosis of brain microvascular endothelial cells (IHECs) that was preceded by glutathione (GSH) depletion. Here, we test the hypothesis that MG induces occludin glycation and disrupts IHEC barrier function, which is prevented by GSH-dependent MG metabolism. Exposure of IHECs to MG decreased transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) in association with MG-adduct formation. A 65-kDa MG-glycated protein corresponded to occludin, which was confirmed by immunoprecipitation. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining showed that MG disrupted the architectural organization of ZO-1. Occludin glycation and ZO-1 disruption were prevented by N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Accordingly, TEER loss was abrogated by NAC (via GSH synthesis) and exacerbated by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO; GSH synthesis inhibitor). BSO treatment attenuated d-lactate production, consistent with a role for GSH in glyoxalase I-catalyzed MG elimination. Although MG increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the ROS scavengers tempol and tiron did not block barrier disruption. This suggests that endogenously generated ROS were unlikely to be a major cause of or did not reach a threshold to elicit barrier failure as elicited by exogenous hydrogen peroxide (300–400 μM). Immunohistochemistry revealed a lower percentage of microvessels stained with anti-occludin, but a higher percentage stained with anti-MG in diabetic rat brain compared to controls. Western analyses confirmed the decrease in diabetic brain occludin expression, but an increase in glycated occludin levels. These results provide novel evidence that reactive carbonyl species can mediate occludin glycation in cerebral microvessels and in microvascular endothelial cells that contribute to barrier dysfunction, a process that was prevented by GSH through enhanced MG catabolism.

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The Effects of Methylglyoxal on Glutathione S-Transferase from Nicotiana tabacum

Cited by 54 publications

References 11 publications

Proteomic Analysis Reveals That Iron Availability Alters the Metabolic Status of the Pathogenic Fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Proteomic Analysis Reveals That Iron Availability Alters the Metabolic Status of the Pathogenic Fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Inference of interactions in cyanobacterial–heterotrophic co-cultures via transcriptome sequencing

Acute carbonyl stress induces occludin glycation and brain microvascular endothelial barrier dysfunction: Role for glutathione-dependent metabolism of methylglyoxal

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