The effects of menopausal status and exercise training on serum lipids and the activities of intravascular enzymes related to lipid transport

Physical Activity May Modulate Effects of ApoE Genotype on Lipid Profile

“…Moreover, in a previous study, Couillard et al 31 showed that men with relatively high triglyceride and low HDL cholesterol concentrations were also those who showed the most significant increase in HDL concentration and decrease in triglyceride concentration associated with exercise. In any case, the menopausal (hormonal) status per se does not seem to influence the physical activity response of serum lipids, as has been shown by others in the context of exercise training, 46 or its interaction with the apoE genotype. Age may be a potential confounder, but this has been taken into account in the results, as all the analyses were adjusted for age.…”

“…Neither age 45 nor menopausal status 46 was previously identified as a potential effect modifier. Among the 862 women in our sample, 418 (51%) were premenopausal, 62 (7%) were perimenopausal, and 346 (42%) were postmenopausal (of whom 48% were currently on hormone replacement therapy).…”

Managing Abnormal Blood Lipids

“…87,88 Large plasma TG reductions after exercise training are reported for previously inactive people with higher baseline concentrations, 88,89 although subjects with low initial TG concentrations have smaller TG reductions after exercise training. 90 Exercise training studies do not support an exercise-induced change in total cholesterol.…”

“…129 Increased plasma postheparin LPL activity usually is not found until 4 to 18 hours after exercise 130 but is reported for endurance athletes, 131 and LPL activity usually is increased after exercise training. 87,89,132,133 Ethnic differences exist, with higher LPL values in white but not in black men after 20 weeks of endurance training. 132 An inverse association exists between resting hepatic lipase activity and HDL 2 cholesterol, but hepatic lipase is directly related to HDL 3 cholesterol.…”

“…127,134,135 Low cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity may provide an antiatherogenic effect by slowing hepatic HDL 2 catabolism and decreasing the amount of plasma cholesterol-rich particles. Cross-sectional studies report elevated plasma CETP activity in physically active people, 87 whereas longitudinal exercise training studies report decreased CETP activity. 134,135 In addition, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase activity is increased in physically active men 136 but not after exercise training.…”