The effects of lyotropic anions on electric field‐induced guidance of cultured frog nerves.

Abstract

3. Perchlorate and SCN-had no effect on field-induced cathodal turning, whereas incubation with s042-was inhibitory. In addition to its effects on surface charge, S042-increases production of the second messengers diacylglycerol and inositol trisphosphate. Interestingly, lithium (Li+), a blocker of polyphosphoinositide metabolism, had a similar effect to S042-on field-induced neurite orientation. 4. We conclude that increasing surface charge with lyotropic anions neither enhances galvanotropic orientation nor underlies the inhibitory effects of S042 and suggest that modulation of galvanotropism by S042-occurs owing to changes in the inositolphospholipid second messenger system.

Bioelectromagnetics in morphogenesis

“…Modern work has begun to merge cell biology with physiology to understand the mechanisms of galvanotaxis in multicellular systems [reviewed in McCaig and Zhao, 1997;McCaig et al, 2002]. Recent studies have characterized the additive effects of pharmacological agents, e.g., adenyl cyclase activators such as forskolin, etc., electric field in control of orientation and migration rate of Xenopus neurons [McCaig, 1990b;McCaig and Dover, 1993], and role of inositol phosphate second messenger system, calcium entry, and microfilament polymerization in controlling the perpendicular elongation of embryonic muscle cells exposed to a small electric field Dover, 1991, 1993;Erskine et al, 1995;Erskine and McCaig, 1995a;Stewart et al, 1995]. The roles of growth factor receptors and substrates on which cells move are now known to be integral parts of the process of galvanotaxis in the growth cone [McCaig and Stewart, 1992;Erskine and McCaig, 1995b;Rajnicek et al, 1998a;Zhao et al, 1999;McCaig et al, 2000] and are suggesting clinical approaches to nerve regeneration based on combinations of chemical growth factors, haptic conditions, and electric fields.…”