The Effects of Longer School Days on Mothers' Labor Force Participation

Berthelon, Matías; Krüger, Diana; Oyarzún, Melanie

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2655161

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Some consistency is found along this dimension in middle-income countries. Berthelon, Kruger, and Oyarzun (2015) find lower-educated mothers' labor force participation increases twice as much as that of higher-educated mothers in response to increases in the length of the Chilean primary school day. The effects of extending the school day in Mexico are also concentrated among poorer mothers as determined by the sample median, which was incomplete secondary; no impacts on labor market participation was found among higher educated mothers (Padilla-Romo and Cabrera-Hernández 2018).…”

Section: Targetingmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Notably, there appears to be another inflection point for effectiveness of childcare for maternal labor force participation ;Berthelon Kruger, and Oyarzun (2015) find that expansion of school day in Chile affected labor market outcomes of mothers of 1 st and 2 nd graders only. Not surprisingly, as children grow, childcare becomes less of a constraint for labor market engagement of their mothers.…”

Section: Child's Agementioning

confidence: 93%

“…As mentioned earlier, the study also finds no impact on maternal income, nor on hours worked. In Chile, greater access to longer school days results in more permanent labor force attachment; with an expansion of 45 percent of schools participating in the longer school day(the amount that would bring all schools up to full day) , both the probability of women participating for at least six months during the year and the fraction of the year they work or seek employment increase by 19 percentage points-the equivalent of two months of work (Berthelon, Kruger, and Oyarzun 2015). These impacts are completely driven by mothers of children in 1 st and 2 nd grades.…”

Section: Difference-in-differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childcare and Mothers’ Labor Market Outcomes in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries

Halim

Perova

Reynolds

2022

The World Bank Research Observer

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Improving women's labor force participation and the quality of their employment can boost economic growth and support poverty and inequality reduction; thus, it is highly pertinent for the development agenda. However, existing systematic reviews on female labor market outcomes and childcare, which can arguably improve these outcomes, are focused on developed countries. We review 22 studies which plausibly identify the causal impact of institutional childcare on maternal labor market outcomes in lower-and-middle income countries. All but one study finds positive impacts on the extensive or intensive margin of maternal labor market outcomes, which aligns with findings from developed countries. We further analyze aspects of childcare design, including hours, ages of children, coordination with other childcare services that may increase the impacts on maternal labor market outcomes. We conclude with a discussion of directions for future research.

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Section: Targetingmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Child's Agementioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Difference-in-differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childcare and Mothers’ Labor Market Outcomes in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries

Halim

Perova

Reynolds

2022

The World Bank Research Observer

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“…Our paper shows that scheduling constraints in primary school help explain this persistence. Relative to contemporaneous work on this topic (Berthelon, Kruger and Oyarzun 2015, Contreras and Sepúlveda 2017, Martínez and Perticará 2017, Ward 2019, our study offers an in-depth analysis of intensive-margin labor supply responses. Exploiting a setting characterized by high female labor force participation with small extensive-margin elasticities, and unique data on daily labor supply decisions, we are able to precisely identify how children's school schedule dictates mothers' working hours and days and contributes to the parental wage gap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

School Schedule and the Gender Pay Gap

Duchini¹,

Effenterre²

2022

J. Human Resources

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Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

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“…Goux and Maurin (2010) examine the effect of a decrease in the school starting age in France and find only an effect for the subgroup of single mothers. The length of a school day also influences the labour market decisions of mothers: Thus, the extension from half-day to full-day school has a positive effect on the labour force participation of mothers (Berthelon et al, 2015 andPadilla-Romo andCabrera-Hernández, 2019) and their hours worked (Padilla-Romo and Cabrera-Hernández, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From homemakers to breadwinners? How mandatory kindergarten affects maternal labour market outcomes

Gangl¹,

Huber²

2021

Preprint

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We analyse the effect of mandatory kindergarten attendance for four-year-old children on maternal labour supply in Switzerland by using two quasi-experiments. Firstly, we investigate a large administrative dataset and apply a non-parametric regression discontinuity design to evaluate the effect of the reform at the birthday cut-off for entering the kindergarten in the same versus in the following year. Secondly, we complement this analysis by exploiting spatial variation and staggered treatment implementation of the reform across cantons (administrative units in Switzerland) in a difference-indifferences approach based on a Swiss household survey. All in all, the results suggest that if anything, mandatory kindergarten increases the labour force attachment of mothers very moderately. The effects are driven by mothers earning less than the median annual work income and by older rather than younger mothers.

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The Effects of Longer School Days on Mothers' Labor Force Participation

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Childcare and Mothers’ Labor Market Outcomes in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries

Childcare and Mothers’ Labor Market Outcomes in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries

School Schedule and the Gender Pay Gap

From homemakers to breadwinners? How mandatory kindergarten affects maternal labour market outcomes

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