The Effects of Local Biomass Availability and Possibilities for Truck and Train Transportation on the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of a Small-Diameter Energy Wood Supply Chain

Jäppinen, E.; Korpinen, Olli-Jussi; Ranta, T.

doi:10.1007/s12155-012-9244-9

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The life‐cycle inventory dataset (GaBi Databases, ) that was used in the GHG calculations utilizes a three‐level road classification to take road types into account with respect to the GHG emissions of truck transportation. Accordingly, road segments were classed into three distinct road types on the basis of the maximum speed limit for each road segment (Jäppinen et al ., ). In this study, if a biomass supply point was inside the supply areas, all of its biomass was considered to be collected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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GHG emissions of forest‐biomass supply chains to commercial‐scale liquid‐biofuel production plants in Finland

2013

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Commercial-scale liquid-biofuel production utilizing forest-based biomass would require feedstock supply from a large geographical area. Feedstock composition, supply chains' arrangements, and the resulting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are location dependent, and case-specific assessments are needed if one is to guarantee the fulfillment of GHG reduction requirements by a specific biofuel product. This work assessed GHG emissions derived from the feedstock supply and transportation chain to three possible commercial-scale biodiesel plant locations in Finland (Rauma, Porvoo, and Kemi) at site-specific level. The supply of 7.2 PJ yr À1 (approximately 1 million m 3 solid ) of forest biomass (harvesting residues, stumps, and small-diameter energy wood) was assessed for each location, including four distinct scenarios for truck and railway transportation and two scenarios for biomass availability. Biomass availability and transportation-network assessments were conducted through utilization of geographical information system methods, and the GHG emissions were assessed by means of lifecycle assessment. The results showed that the GHG emissions of the supply chains can be effectively reduced through use of railway transportation from distant supply areas. Furthermore, even though the supply-chain GHG emissions differed by up to 30% between the case-study locations, the GHG emissions of the feedstock supply chain, from roadside stores of uncomminuted biomass to comminuted biomass delivered to the plants, were relatively low (2-4%) when compared with the GHG emissions of fossil diesel.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“… Cargo space of 127 m 3 (Karttunen et al ., ) and cargo space utilization rate of 83% (Jäppinen et al ., ). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

GHG emissions of forest‐biomass supply chains to commercial‐scale liquid‐biofuel production plants in Finland

2013

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“…It is generally acknowledged that a supply chain wide approach is useful in providing insight into the consequences of decisions or actions taken at any point in the chain. Examples in the literature that take such an approach often apply a secondary over-arching methodology such as GIS analysis [1], business process mapping [2], optimization and ranking [3], or are reviews of the state of the art [4]. While it is known that point of comminution largely determines the efficacy of supply systems [5], and that this point varies for different feedstock types and physical settings, only limited work, e.g., Laitila [6] considers the productivity and cost consequences of these.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systems Analysis of Ten Supply Chains for Whole Tree Chips

Belbo¹,

Talbot²

2014

Forests

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Whole trees from energy thinnings constitute one of many forest fuel sources, yet ten widely applied supply chains could be defined for this feedstock alone. These ten represent only a subset of the real possibilities, as felling method was held constant and only a single market (combustion of whole tree chips) was considered. Stages included in-field, roadside landing, terminal, and conversion plant, and biomass states at each of these included loose whole trees, bundled whole trees or chipped material. Assumptions on prices, performances, and conversion rates were based on field trials and published literature in similar boreal forest conditions. The economic outcome was calculated on the basis of production, handling, treatment and storage costs and losses. Outcomes were tested for robustness on a range of object volumes (50-350 m 3 solid ), extraction distances (50-550 m) and transport distances (10-70 km) using simulation across a set of discrete values. Transport was calculated for both a standard 19.5 m and an extended 24 m timber truck. Results showed that the most expensive chain (roadside bundling, roadside storage, terminal storage and delivery using a 19.5 m timber truck) at 158 € t d −1 was 23% more costly than the cheapest chain (roadside chipping and direct transport to conversion plant with container truck), at 128 € t d −1 . Outcomes vary at specific object volumes and transport distances, highlighting the need to verify assumptions, although standard deviations around mean supply costs for each chain were small (6%-9%). Losses at all stages were modelled, with the largest losses (23) occurring in the chains including bundles. The study makes all methods and assumptions explicit and can assist the procurement manager in understanding the mechanisms at work. OPEN ACCESSForests 2014, 5 2085

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“…Several papers focus on the impact of truck-based transport on the biomass chain. Economic efficiency (Ravula et al, 2008), traffic perception (ITABIA, 2008;Plate et al, 2010) and GHG emissions compared with other means of transport (Jäppinen et al, 2013) are several of the parameters considered. Because of the complexity in the definition and aggregation of the above variables, carbon dioxide emissions (strictly related to the distance traveled) were considered an independent indicator for the quantification of potential traffic annoyance in the present work.…”

Section: Environmental Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matching socio-economic and environmental efficiency of wood-residues energy chain: a partial equilibrium model for a case study in Alpine area

Sacchelli

Bernetti

Meo

et al. 2014

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Keywords:Wood energy chain Partial equilibrium model Multi-objective linear programming Geographic information system Sustainability assessment a b s t r a c tCombining the economics and the environmental and social aspects of bioenergy chain implementation is a difficult task, particularly for wood fuel production. Multiple aspects, such as financial analysis, technology development, natural resource exploitation and avoided environmental pollution, must be considered simultaneously. Thus, decision support models seem to be the proper tools for the overall definition of strategies in the wood energy sector.The objective of this study has been to develop a partial equilibrium model able to quantify the socioeconomic and environmental effects of policy, technology and best biomass allocation scenarios on the forest residue chain. The model, based on multi-objective linear programming and spatial analysis, considers the financial benefits/losses and the potential trends of three compartments: sawmills, forest enterprises and energy plants. In addition, the model computes avoided emissions for bioheat and bioelectricity production and introduces an impact indicator for the road transport of biomass. Model outputs are defined using a multi criteria approach. The main results stress the importance of both environmental parameters and the implementation of organic Rankine cycle technology for the optimization of the entire bioenergy chain. The model was tested in an Italian Alpine region (province of Trento).

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The Effects of Local Biomass Availability and Possibilities for Truck and Train Transportation on the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of a Small-Diameter Energy Wood Supply Chain

Cited by 26 publications

References 13 publications

GHG emissions of forest‐biomass supply chains to commercial‐scale liquid‐biofuel production plants in Finland

GHG emissions of forest‐biomass supply chains to commercial‐scale liquid‐biofuel production plants in Finland

Systems Analysis of Ten Supply Chains for Whole Tree Chips

Matching socio-economic and environmental efficiency of wood-residues energy chain: a partial equilibrium model for a case study in Alpine area

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