The effects of lesions in the hypothalamus in parabiotic rats

Hervey, G. R.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1959.sp006145

Cited by 417 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…If fat cells start to increase, this would stimulate energy expenditure. Five years later, Hervey was the first to demonstrate the presence of a hormone that regulated body weight through an interaction with the hypothalamus [3]. This was shown by experiments involving rats which used a parabiosis technique where two animals are physically joined at the level of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, such that they share cross-circulation of about 2%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin Response and Body Weight Regulation in Humans.

McCargar

1999

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin Response and Body Weight Regulation in Humans.

McCargar

1999

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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“…The findings from the initial parabiosis studies on hypothalamic lesioned rats appear to be essential to the conclusion of the existence of humoral signal(s) in relation to an animalÕs lipostatics [18]. In these studies, two live animals, one with a lesion in the VMH, were joined by suturing, which allowed humoral factors to pass from one animal to the other.…”

Section: Linking the Periphery To The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal control of energy homeostasis

Gao¹,

Horváth²

2007

FEBS Letters

122

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Neuronal control of body energy homeostasis is the key mechanism by which animals and humans regulate their long-term energy balance. Various hypothalamic neuronal circuits (which include the hypothalamic melanocortin, midbrain dopamine reward and caudal brainstem autonomic feeding systems) control energy intake and expenditure to maintain body weight within a narrow range for long periods of a life span. Numerous peripheral metabolic hormones and nutrients target these structures providing feedback signals that modify the default ''settings'' of neuronal activity to accomplish this balance. A number of molecular genetic tools for manipulating individual components of brain energy homeostatic machineries, in combination with anatomical, electrophysiological, pharmacological and behavioral techniques, have been developed, which provide a means for elucidating the complex molecular and cellular mechanisms of feeding behavior and metabolism. This review will highlight some of these advancements and focus on the neuronal circuitries of energy homeostasis.

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“…Early studies provided clinical evidence that defects in peripheral tissues and in the beta cell are required for the development of type 2 diabetes [12]. The link between peripheral organs and central mechanisms in the control of both glucose and energy homeostasis has also been appreciated for several decades [45][46][47]. Efforts are under way to apply siRNA to central and peripheral tissues that control glucose and energy homeostasis to improve insulin sensitivity (for reviews see [48,49]).…”

Section: Application Of Sirna To Combat Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Specificity of insulin signalling in human skeletal muscle as revealed by small interfering RNA

Krook

Zierath

2009

Diabetologia

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Insulin action on metabolically active tissues is a complex process involving positive and negative feedback regulation to control whole body glucose homeostasis. At the cellular level, glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as protein synthesis, are controlled through canonical insulin signalling cascades. The discovery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) allows for the molecular dissection of critical components of the regulation of metabolic and gene regulatory events in insulin-sensitive tissues. The application of siRNA to tissues of human origin allows for the molecular dissection of the mechanism(s) regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Penetration of the pathways controlling insulin action in human tissue may aid in discovery efforts to develop diabetes prevention and treatment strategies. This review will focus on the use of siRNA to validate critical regulators controlling insulin action in human skeletal muscle, a key organ important for the control of whole body insulin-mediated glucose uptake and metabolism.

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The effects of lesions in the hypothalamus in parabiotic rats

Cited by 417 publications

References 10 publications

Leptin Response and Body Weight Regulation in Humans.

Leptin Response and Body Weight Regulation in Humans.

Neuronal control of energy homeostasis

Specificity of insulin signalling in human skeletal muscle as revealed by small interfering RNA

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