The effects of interval- vs. continuous exercise on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and substrate oxidation rates in subjects with type 2 diabetes

Karstoft, Kristian; Wallis, Gareth A.; Pedersen, Bente Klarlund; Solomon, Thomas P. J.

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2016.05.017

Cited by 26 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Whereas we did not see any significant changes in RMR in any of the two studies in the primary analyses, a paired t -test indicated a tendency for increased RMR with IWT in Study 1 ( p = 0.06). Since EPOC is increased with IWT compared to both CON and CWT (23), and since our RMR measurements were performed ~40 h after the last exercise bout, it is possible that the tendency for increased RMR seen with IWT in Study 1 in fact was prolonged EPOC (8). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas part of this differential weight loss between CWT and IWT may be explained via differential EPOC (23), the main reason for the discrepancy remains unclear. There are some indications that training with higher intensity may increase RMR more than training with lower intensity, but it is unclear if this is due to differential effects on VO 2 max and other potential determinants for RMR, or if there is a direct effect of higher training intensity on RMR (24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resting Metabolic Rate Does Not Change in Response to Different Types of Training in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2017

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Background and objectivesAmbiguous results have been reported regarding the effects of training on resting metabolic rate (RMR), and the importance of training type and intensity is unclear. Moreover, studies in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are sparse. In this study, we evaluated the effects of interval and continuous training on RMR in subjects with T2D. Furthermore, we explored the determinants for training-induced alterations in RMR.MethodsData from two studies, both including T2D subjects, were encompassed in this manuscript. Study 1 was a randomized, crossover study where subjects (n = 14) completed three, 2-week interventions [control, continuous walking training (CWT), interval-walking training (IWT)] separated by washout periods. Training included 10 supervised treadmill sessions, 60 min/session. CWT was performed at moderate walking speed [aiming for 73% of walking peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak)], while IWT was performed as alternating 3-min repetitions at slow (54% VO2peak) and fast (89% VO2peak) walking speed. Study 2 was a single-arm training intervention study where subjects (n = 23) were prescribed 12 weeks of free-living IWT (at least 3 sessions/week, 30 min/session). Before and after interventions, RMR, physical fitness, body composition, and glycemic control parameters were assessed.ResultsNo overall intervention-induced changes in RMR were seen across the studies, but considerable inter-individual differences in RMR changes were seen in Study 2. At baseline, total body mass (TBM), fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass were all associated with RMR. Changes in RMR were associated with changes in TBM and fat mass, and subjects who decreased body mass and fat mass also decreased their RMR. No associations were seen between changes in physical fitness, glycemic control, or FFM and changes in RMR.ConclusionNeither short-term continuous or interval-type training, nor longer term interval training affects RMR in subjects with T2D when no overall changes in body composition are seen. If training occurs concomitant with a reduction in fat mass, however, RMR is decreased.Clinical Trials Registration ()NCT02320526 and NCT02089477.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting Metabolic Rate Does Not Change in Response to Different Types of Training in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2017

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“…Upon extrapolation from all eight papers, the mean EPOC magnitude per hour was found to be ~3.3 L/h following HIIT and ~2.3 L/h following MICT, suggesting the differences between MICT and HIIT in the majority of studies are consistently small over a short post‐exercise period. When the measurement period is extended to 5 hours post‐exercise, HIIT EPOC was more than double MICT EPOC suggesting the small difference can accumulate over time, but only one study has measured in this time frame at the present …”

Section: Effects Of Hiit On Post‐exercise Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…For instance, in the only study to compare two HIIT protocols to a no‐exercise control session without a comparison to MICT (Table ), both protocols elicited an EPOC of ~2.8 L within 1 hour post‐exercise . As seen in Table , most HIIT studies demonstrate a similar EPOC value with an average of ~3.3 L/h in the 0.5‐3 hours post‐exercise period and report significantly greater

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O 2 values compared to baseline levels or a no‐exercise control session within 1 hour post‐exercise, though others did not report this information . Beyond 1 hour, the EPOC magnitude and duration varies greatly, with some reporting a sustained EPOC between 2‐5 hours or 12 hours post‐HIIT, while others do not report significantly elevated

\overset{V}{true}

O 2 beyond 1 hour .…”

Section: Effects Of Hiit On Post‐exercise Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the majority of available studies that have included direct between‐protocol comparisons present equivocal findings, with some reporting significant differences in EPOC magnitude following HIIT compared to MICT in the hour immediately following exercise, and others not . Of the eight studies that investigated the effects of HIIT and MICT on EPOC within a 0.5‐3 hours timeframe post‐exercise (Table ), the average total magnitude equaled to ~6.2 L and ~4.5 L following HIIT and MICT, respectively . Three of the studies recorded a significantly elevated EPOC following HIIT vs MICT, with a mean EPOC of ~3.6 L/h post‐HIIT and ~1.6 L/h post‐MICT.…”

Section: Effects Of Hiit On Post‐exercise Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanistic and methodological perspectives on the impact of intense interval training on post‐exercise metabolism

Moniz

Islam

Hazell

2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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The post‐exercise recovery period is associated with an elevated metabolism known as excess post‐exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). The relationship between exercise duration and EPOC magnitude is thought to be linear whereas the relationship between EPOC magnitude and exercise intensity is thought to be exponential. Accordingly, near‐maximal and supramaximal protocols such as high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) protocols have been hypothesized to produce greater EPOC magnitudes than submaximal moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT). This review updates previous reviews by focusing on the impact of HIIT and SIT on EPOC. Research to date suggests small differences in EPOC post‐HIIT compared to MICT in the immediate (<1 hour) recovery period, but greater EPOC values post‐HIIT when examined over 24 hours. Conversely, differences in EPOC post‐SIT are more pronounced, as SIT tends to produce a larger EPOC vs MICT at all time points. We discuss potential mechanisms that may drive the EPOC response to interval training (eg, glycogen resynthesis, mitochondrial uncoupling, and protein turnover among others) and also consider the role of EPOC as one of the potential contributors to fat loss following HIIT/SIT interventions. Lastly, we highlight a number of methodological shortcomings related to the measurement of EPOC following HIIT and SIT.

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Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Kirwan¹,

Heintz²,

Rebello³

et al. 2023

Comprehensive Physiology

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The effects of interval- vs. continuous exercise on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and substrate oxidation rates in subjects with type 2 diabetes

Abstract: Interval exercise results in greater EPOC than oxygen-consumption matched continuous exercise during a post-exercise MMTT in subjects with T2D, whereas effects on substrate oxidation and lipid metabolism are comparable.

Cited by 26 publications

References 40 publications

Resting Metabolic Rate Does Not Change in Response to Different Types of Training in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

Resting Metabolic Rate Does Not Change in Response to Different Types of Training in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

Mechanistic and methodological perspectives on the impact of intense interval training on post‐exercise metabolism

Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

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