The effects of inhaling non-ionized or positively ionized air containing 2–4% CO2 on the blood levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine in mice

Treatment of Acute Mania with Ambient Air Anionization: Variants of Climactic Heat Stress and Serotonin Syndrome

“…Gilbert (11) reported that high concentrations of ambient cations increased "lability" in isolated rat populations. Olivereau, then, was able to reduce this lability with high concentrations of ambient anions in rats (22) and in Krueger, Andriese, and Kotaka's mice (17). Frey (4) replicated Olivereau's work in rabbits and found that cations produced behavioral effects which could be reduced by both parenteral reserpine and ambient anions (5).…”

A study of the biological effects of certain ELF electromagnetic fields

“…These criteria were chosen because in mice all three respond to minor shifts in the environment, e.g. changes in the charge and numbers of small air ions in the ambient atmosphere (Worden, 1953;Krueger, Andriese and Kotaka, 1966;Krueger, 1970Krueger, , 1974. Also, there is good evidence that: (1) atmospheric electrical imbalance -long considered to be of no biological significance-actually is capable of causing illness in weather sensitive individuals and (2) this effect may be due to air-ion-induced alterations in serotonin metabolism (Sulman, et al, 1974).…”

Regional turnover of norepinephrine and dopamine in rat brain following acute exposure to air ions

“…In rodents exposures to positive and negative ions have been reported to affect the mucociliary functions of the trachea and respiration via the release and metabolism of 5HT [Krueger and Smith, 1960a,b] and to influence the concentration of 5HT directly in brain tissue [Krueger and Kotaka, 1966;Gilbert, 1973;Diamond et al, 19801, and blood [Krueger et al, 1963[Krueger et al, , 1966. In humans, increased 5HT in urine has been reported to be associated with the onset of naturally occuring "ion-winds" [Sulman et al, 1974;19751.…”

“…During the past 25 years physiological and biochemical data have been reported that implicate biological systems releasing serotonin (5HT) as those that can be affected by exposure to charged air molecules (air ions). In rodents exposures to positive and negative ions have been reported to affect the mucociliary functions of the trachea and respiration via the release and metabolism of 5HT [Krueger and Smith, 1960a,b] and to influence the concentration of 5HT directly in brain tissue [Krueger and Kotaka, 1966;Gilbert, 1973;Diamond et al, 19801, and blood [Krueger et al, 1963[Krueger et al, , 1966 In humans, increased 5HT in urine has been reported to be associated with the onset of naturally occuring "ion-winds" [Sulman et al, 1974;19751. However, critical reviews of these studies indicate that neither the data nor the interpretations of the data are particularly convincing [Bailey et al, 1983;Charry, 19841.…”