The Effects of Infection on Energy Metabolism of Calves

Verstegen, M.W.A.; Boon, J.H.; Hel, W. van der; Kessels, M. H.; Meulenbroeks, J.

doi:10.2527/jas1989.671241x

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A drop of 0.02% in the annual milk fat and protein content as a consequence of increased BTM ELISA ODRs in August was detected by Charlier et al [ 15 ]. Dank et al [ 14 ] hypothesized that the reductions in milk fat content are the consequence of an energy-costly immune response against D. viviparus as shown in a previous experimental study in primary infected calves [ 26 ]. This was not confirmed in our study, which indicates that an energy-costly immune response might be only occurring in primary infected heifers or calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of patent Dictyocaulus viviparus (re)infections on individual milk yield and milk quality in pastured dairy cows and correlation with clinical signs

et al. 2018

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BackgroundInfections with the bovine lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus might lead to reduced milk production and detrimental impacts on milk quality resulting in considerable economic losses in dairy farming.MethodsIn the presented field study, 1988 faecal samples were collected from 1166 Black and White dairy cows allocated in 17 small and medium-sized German grassland farms. Faecal samples were collected in summer and autumn 2015 to assess D. viviparus larvae excretion. Test-day records were used to estimate the association between patent D. viviparus infections in individual cows and the milk production parameters milk yield, milk protein and milk fat content by using linear mixed models. Bulk tank milk (BTM) samples from each farm and individual milk samples from those cows which were excreting larvae in summer were collected in autumn. In addition, occurrence of the clinical symptom “coughing” was noted in individual cows during autumn sampling to determine its association with patent lungworm infections.ResultsPatent D. viviparus infections were found on 23.5% (4/17) of farms with a prevalence at the individual cow level of 0.9% (9/960) in summer and 3.4% (35/1028) in autumn. No BTM sample exceeded the BTM ELISA cut-off value of 0.410 optical density ratio (ODR), the mean value was 0.168 ODR. Only one individual milk sample exceeded the individual milk ELISA cut-off value of 0.573 ODR (mean value of 0.302 ODR). A patent D. viviparus infection status was associated with a lower average daily milk yield of 1.62 kg/cow/day (P = 0.0406). No significant association was found with milk protein or fat content representing milk quality parameters. Coughing was observed in 5.9% (61/1028) of cows. Of the coughing cows, only 4.9% (3/61) had a patent lungworm infection. Fisher’s exact test showed no significant difference between infected and non-infected coughing cows.ConclusionsFarmers and veterinarians should be aware that patent lungworm (re)infections in dairy cows reduce milk yield, despite the absence of clinical signs. Furthermore, if dairy cows present with coughing, other differential diagnoses need to be considered in addition to dictyocaulosis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2602-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of patent Dictyocaulus viviparus (re)infections on individual milk yield and milk quality in pastured dairy cows and correlation with clinical signs

et al. 2018

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“…The negative relationship between D. viviparus status and milk fat percentage was stronger in summer (−0.14%) than in autumn (−0.08%). It can be hypothesized that these reductions in milk fat percentage are due to an energy-costly immune response against D. viviparus as assessed under experimental conditions (Verstegen et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Dictyocaulus viviparus status and milk production parameters in Dutch dairy herds

Dank

Holzhauer

Veldhuis

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to estimate the association between Dictyocaulus viviparus bulk tank milk (BTM) test results and milk production and milk composition parameters in adult Dutch dairy cattle herds. Bulk tank milk samples were collected in August and November 2013, and ELISA tests were performed. Two hundred BTM positive (BTM+) and 200 BTM negative (BTM-) herds were selected based on their BTM test result of November 2013, obtained from a list of farms that participated in the Dutch GD Animal Health voluntary monitoring program for controlling nematode infections. The relationship between D. viviparus BTM status and 3 production parameters (milk production, milk fat %, and milk protein %) in summer (June to August 2013) and autumn (September and October 2013) was investigated using generalized linear mixed models. Production data were available for 126 BTM- herds and 109 BTM+ herds. Results showed that a positive D. viviparus status was associated with decreased milk production (June: -1.01, July: -1.19, August: -1.68, September and October: -1.33kg/cow per d). Milk fat percentage was 0.14% and 0.08% lower during summer and autumn, respectively, in BTM+ herds. No significant association was demonstrated between a positive BTM test result and milk protein percentage. Because a strong correlation was present between the BTM status for D. viviparus and that for Ostertagia ostertagi, these losses cannot be attributed to one of the two parasites. However, it is clear that these parasite infections have a considerable effect on production.

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“…Among other lung nematodes, Dictyocaulus viviparus has significant metabolic costs for cattle (Verstegen et al 1989), and mixed infections with protostrongylid lungworms (species of Muellerius, Cystocaulus, Protostrongylus, and Neostrongylus) can result in impaired respiratory exchange in domestic goats (Berrag and Cabaret 1996). Pulmonary compromise caused by Protostrongylus spp.…”

Section: Host-parasite Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infections of muskoxen (<i>Ovibos moschatus</i>) and domestic sheep with <i>Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis</i> (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae): parasite development, population structure, and pathology

Kutz¹,

Hoberg²,

Polley³

1999

Can. J. Zool.

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Three captive muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) were successfully infected with third-stage larvae of Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis digested or emerged from the slugs Deroceras reticulatum and D. laeve, for the first time completing the life cycle of this parasite under experimental conditions. The course of parasite development and patency was followed for 26 months post infection (p.i.) using fecal examinations and radiography. The prepatent periods in two of the muskoxen were 91 and 95 days and the patent period in one extended for 23 months. Larval production peaked 13-14 months p.i. On postmortem of two of the muskoxen at months 14 and 26 p.i., adult parasites were found only within pulmonary cysts and cysts were randomly distributed between left and right lungs. Cyst dimensions were positively correlated with the number of adult parasites they contained. On postmortem of the third muskox at day 97 p.i., not all adult parasites were within typical cysts; two were found free in interlobular septa. Firststage larvae were recovered from lung cysts of this animal but not from feces. Lung pathology in all three muskoxen appeared localized and associated with the adult nematodes. Infection of two sheep with third-stage larvae of U. pallikuukensis did not result in parasite establishment.Résumé : Nous avons réussi à infecter trois Boeufs-musqués (Ovibos moschatus) en captivité au moyen de larves de troisième stade d'Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis digérées ou émergées de limaces Deroceras reticulatum et D. laeve, et c'est la première fois que tout le cycle de ce parasite se déroule avec succès dans des conditions expérimentales. Le développement du parasite et l'apparition des symptômes de l'infection ont été observés pendant 26 mois après le début de l'infection par examen des fèces et par radiographie. La période précédant l'apparition des symptômes a été évaluée à 91 et 95 jours chez deux boeufs-musqués et la période symptomatique a duré 23 mois chez l'un d'eux. La production de larves a atteint son maximum 13-14 mois après l'infection. L'examen postmortem de deux des animaux aux mois 14 et 26 de l'infection a révélé la présence de parasites adultes, mais seulement dans des kystes pulmonaires répartis au hasard dans les deux poumons. La taille de ces kystes était directement reliée au nombre de parasites adultes qu'ils contenaient. L'examen postmortem du troisième animal, au jour 97 de l'infection, a révélé que les parasites adultes n'étaient pas tous dans des kystes typiquees, puisque deux d'entre eux ont été trouvés libres dans les septums interlobulaires. Des larves de premier stade ont été repérées dans des kystes pulmonaires, mais pas dans les fèces. La pathologie de ces trois boeufs-musqués semblait bien localisée et associée à la présence des nématodes adultes. Les tentatives d'infection de trois ovidés au moyen de larves de troisième stade d'U. pallikuukensis ont échoué.[Traduit par la Rédaction] 1572 Kutz et al.

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The Effects of Infection on Energy Metabolism of Calves

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of patent Dictyocaulus viviparus (re)infections on individual milk yield and milk quality in pastured dairy cows and correlation with clinical signs

The effect of patent Dictyocaulus viviparus (re)infections on individual milk yield and milk quality in pastured dairy cows and correlation with clinical signs

Association between Dictyocaulus viviparus status and milk production parameters in Dutch dairy herds

Experimental infections of muskoxen (<i>Ovibos moschatus</i>) and domestic sheep with <i>Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis</i> (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae): parasite development, population structure, and pathology

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