The effects of infant feeding on rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis: a prospective study.

Duffy, Linda C.; Byers, Tim; Riepenhoff-Talty, M; Scolea, L J La; Zielezny, Maria; Ogra, Pearay L.

doi:10.2105/ajph.76.3.259

Cited by 89 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Studies of individuals have indicated qualitative and quantitative variation in the mucins present in human milk (62). It is thus possible that the levels of antirotaviral factors will vary depending upon genetic, nutritional, or environmental factors; these differences might explain the variable effects of breast-feeding on rotavirus infection noted in different populations (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). It is also possible that different strains of rotaviruses will display variable degrees of inhibition by milk glycoproteins, possibly related to varying degrees of affinity for sialic acid-containing cellular receptors (57 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Breast-feeding does not provide total protection against infection and serious episodes of rotavirus infection have been noted in breast-fed infants (24)(25)(26). However, in many populations, breast-feeding lessens the severity ofdiarrhea and vomiting associated with rotavirus infection in hospitalized children (26)(27)(28). The degree of protection offered by human milk correlates only partially with the levels ofantirotavirus antibodies measured in the milk, suggesting that nonimmunoglobulin factors may play a role in the protective process (29,30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human milk mucin inhibits rotavirus replication and prevents experimental gastroenteritis.

et al. 1992

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Acute gastrointestinal infections due to rotaviruses and other enteric pathogens are major causes of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children throughout the world. Breastfeeding can reduce the rate of serious gastroenteritis in infants; however, the degrees of protection offered against rotavirus infection vary in different populations. The mechanisms associated with milk-mediated protection against viral gastroenteritis have not been fully elucidated.We have isolated a macromolecular component of human milk that inhibits the replication of rotaviruses in tissue culture and prevents the development of gastroenteritis in an animal model system. Purification of the component indicates that the antiviral activity is associated with an acidic fraction (pI = 4.0-4.6), which is free of detectable immunoglobulins. Furthermore, high levels of antiviral activity are associated with an affinity-purified complex of human milk mucin. Deglycosylation of the mucin complex results in the loss of antiviral activity. Further purification indicated that rotavirus specifically binds to the milk mucin complex as well as to the 46-kD glycoprotein component ofthe complex. Binding to the 46-kD component was substantially reduced after chemical hydrolysis of sialic acid.We have documented that human milk mucin can bind to rotavirus and inhibit viral replication in vitro and in vivo. Variations in milk mucin glycoproteins may be associated with different levels of protection against infection with gastrointestinal pathogens. (J. Clin. Invest. 1992. 90:1984

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human milk mucin inhibits rotavirus replication and prevents experimental gastroenteritis.

et al. 1992

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“…Their results suggested that breast-feeding offered little protection against rotavirus gastroenteritis. Similarly, Duffy et al (90) found that, although rotavirus attack rates were similar between breast-and bottle-fed infants, rotavirus infection in breastfed infants was milder and of shorter duration than in bottle-fed babies.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The MMU vaccine might also be effective in early infancy, when passively acquired antibodies are at a high level and when less side reactions may occur. In such a population, a more attenuated vaccine may not take, as was shown to be a problem with the RIT 4237 vaccine (380 (90,206). Thus, the primary purpose of therapy is to correct these problems by providing adequate hydration to maintain blood volume, electrolyte homeostasis, and acid-base balance (90).…”

Section: Vol 2 1989mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human viral gastroenteritis

Christensen

1989

Clin Microbiol Rev

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During the last 15 years, several different groups of fastidious viruses that are responsible for a large proportion of acute viral gastroenteritis cases have been discovered by the electron microscopic examination of stool specimens. This disease is one of the most prevalent and serious clinical syndromes seen around the world, especially in children. Rotaviruses, in the family Reoviridae, and fastidious fecal adenoviruses account for much of the viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children, whereas the small caliciviruses and unclassified astroviruses, and possibly enteric coronaviruses, are responsible for significantly fewer cases overall. In addition to electron microscopy, enzyme immunoassays and other rapid antigen detection systems have been developed to detect rotaviruses and fastidious fecal adenoviruses in the stool specimens of both nonhospitalized patients and those hospitalized for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Experimental rotavirus vaccines have also been developed, due to the prevalence and seriousness of rotavirus infection. The small, unclassified Norwalk virus and morphologically similar viruses are responsible for large and small outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in older children, adolescents, and adults. Hospitalization of older patients infected with these viruses is usually not required, and their laboratory diagnoses have been limited primarily to research laboratories.

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“…Virtually all children are infected at least once within the first 5 years of life, with the peak incidence widely quoted as occurring between 6 and 24 months of age (5,7,11,13,14,16,(20)(21)(22)(23). For the first few months of life, infants are thought to be partially protected by maternal antibodies acquired transplacentally or through breast feeding (24)(25)(26). The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices currently recommends the initiation of the rotavirus vaccine series at 2 months of age, although the first dose can be given as early as age 6 weeks (27,28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpectedly high burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in very young infants

et al. 2010

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Background: The highest incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis has generally been reported in children 6-24 months of age. Young infants are thought to be partially protected by maternal antibodies acquired transplacentally or via breast milk. The purpose of our study was to assess the age distribution of children with confirmed community-acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis presenting to an urban referral hospital. Methods: Children presenting to The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia with acute gastroenteritis have been monitored for the presence of rotavirus antigen in the stool by ELISA (followed by genotyping if ELISA-positive) since the 1994-95 epidemic season. Results: Over the last 12 rotavirus seasons prior to the introduction of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in 2006, stool specimens from 1646 patients tested positive for community-acquired rotavirus infection. Gender or age was not recorded in 6 and 5 cases, respectively. Overall, 58% of the cases occurred in boys. G1 was the predominant VP7 serotype, accounting for 72% of cases. The median (IQR) age was 11 (5-21) months. A total of 790 (48%) cases occurred in children outside the commonly quoted peak age range, with 27% in infants <6 months of age and 21% in children >24 months of age. A total of 220 (13%) cases occurred during the first 3 months of life, and the highest number of episodes per month of age [97 (6%)] was observed during the second month of life. Conclusions:The incidence of community-acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis monitored over 12 seasons in the prevaccine era at a major university hospital was nearly constant for each month of age during the first year of life, revealing an unexpectedly high incidence of symptomatic rotavirus disease in infants <3 months old. A sizeable fraction of cases occurred in children too young to have been vaccinated according to current recommendations.

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The effects of infant feeding on rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis: a prospective study.

Cited by 89 publications

References 21 publications

Human milk mucin inhibits rotavirus replication and prevents experimental gastroenteritis.

Human milk mucin inhibits rotavirus replication and prevents experimental gastroenteritis.

Human viral gastroenteritis

Unexpectedly high burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in very young infants

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