Human viral gastroenteritis

Christensen, Mary

doi:10.1128/cmr.2.1.51

Cited by 83 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 404 publications

(441 reference statements)

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“…A destruição das células produtoras das enzimas dissacaridases (lactase, maltase, sacarase e isomaltase) provoca uma redução nas concentrações dessas enzimas na luz intestinal, com conseqüentes alterações na digestão dos dissacarídios correspondentes, provocando alta carga osmótica no cólon. Isso determinaria um aumento na secreção de água e eletrólitos para a luz intestinal, resultando em diarréia com desequilíbrio hidroeletrolítico, condição que pode levar ao óbito, principalmente em crianças subnutridas 5 . A intolerância à lactose seria o mecanismo básico desse processo.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Rotavirus detection in feces of children with acute diarrhea

Sm²,

Jc³

et al. 2000

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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ResumoObjetivo: Determinar a prevalência da infecção por rotavírus em um grupo de crianças da cidade de Natal-RN, Brasil, que apresentavam diarréia aguda e verificar a existência ou não de distribuição sazonal da infecção por esses patógenos em nosso meio.Métodos: Foram analisadas amostras fecais de 1.903 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idades variando de 1 mês a 10 anos, residentes na cidade de Natal-RN, que apresentavam episódio de diarréia aguda, no período de janeiro de 1996 a dezembro de 1998. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa de partículas virais diretamente nas fezes, através de uma reação de aglutinação passiva, empregando-se partículas de látex cobertas com anticorpos monoclonais grupo-específico anti-rotavírus.Resultados: Na população estudada, 151 crianças (7,9%) apresentaram reação positiva para a presença de partículas de rotavírus nas fezes. Considerando-se, no entanto, apenas as crianças mais suscetíveis à infecção por esse grupo de vírus, que compreende a faixa etária de 1 a 24 meses de vida, constatou-se que, de um total de 1.065 crianças examinadas, 136 (12,8%) apresentaram reação positiva para rotavírus, sendo que 96,3% tinham entre 6 e 24 meses de vida. A distribuição pelos meses do ano, dos casos de diarréia aguda de crianças que apresentaram rotavírus nas fezes revelou que a incidência da infecção por esses patógenos foi maior nos meses de julho, agosto e setembro, nos três anos estudados.Conclusões: Os resultados indicam que os rotavírus têm participação importante na etiologia da diarréia aguda em nosso meio, e que a maioria dos casos da infecção, por esses patógenos, ocorre durante os dois primeiros anos de vida, atingindo principalmente as crianças na faixa etária de 6 a 24 meses e com uma maior prevalência nos meses de julho, agosto e setembro. J. pediatr. (Rio J.). 2000; 76(4):300-304: prevalência rotavírus, diarréia, gastroenterite. AbstractObjective: To determine the prevalence of rotavirus in the etiology of acute diarrhea in children from Natal city, RN, Brazil and investigate the existence or not of a seasonal distribution of this pathogen in our environment.Methods: Fecal samples from 1,903 children (boys and girls) with ages ranging from 1 month to 10 years, living in Natal-RN, who presented acute diarrhea episodes in a period from January 1996 to December 1998, were analyzed. We searched viral particles directly in the feces by a passive agglutination reaction using anti-rotavirus specific-group monoclonal antibodies coated latex particles.Results: 151 children (7.9%) of the studied population presented a positive reaction, revealing the presence of rotavirus particles in feces. Considering, however, only the children (ages from 1 to 24 months) who are more susceptible to rotavirus infection, we verified that from 1,065 examined children, 136 of them (12.8%) presented positive reaction for rotavirus, and the great majority of all children with positive reaction (96.3%) had ages ranging from 6 to 24 months. Analysis of the distribution of the cases of rotavirus infection in the...

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Rotavirus detection in feces of children with acute diarrhea

Sm²,

Jc³

et al. 2000

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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“…Rotaviruses are members of the family Reoviridae and are a major cause of infantile gastroenteritis (reviewed by Christensen, 1989). Infectious rotavirions have a genome that consists of 11 segments of dsRNA surrounded by at least two layers (shells) of protein (Petrie et al, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus RNA Replication: Single-stranded RNA Extends from the Replicase Particle

Patton

Gallegos²

1990

Journal of General Virology

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The rotavirus genome consists of 11 segments of dsRNA that are replicated asymmetrically with plus strand RNA serving as the template for minus strand RNA synthesis. In this study, we have used nondenaturing gel electrophoresis to examine subviral particles that synthesize dsRNA (replicase particles), for possible changes in structure during RNA replication. Analysis of SVPs purified from simian rotavirus SAil-infected MA104 cells and resolved on 0-6% agarose gels containing 50 mM-Tris-glycine pH 8.8 showed that the overall size of particles able to synthesize dsRNA in a cell-free system was 100 nm or more. Electrophoretic analysis of the size of replicase particles as a function of length of incubation in the cell-free system demonstrated that replicase particles decreased in size with increasing length of incubation. However, after 60 to 90 min of incubation, replicase particles no longer changed in size but were similar in size to the rotavirus single-shelled (75 nm), core (60 nm) and precore (45 nm) replicative intermediates which have been described previously. As the size of replicase particles decreased with increasing length of incubation, the number of newly made genome-length dsRNAs in the particles increased. Analysis of the RNA products detected in replicase particles showed that RNA replication is regulated such that the synthesis of full-length dsRNAs in the replicase particle proceeds from the smallest to the largest genome segments. Treatment of replicase particles with single-strand-specific RNase reduced their size to that of replicative intermediates and interfered with their ability to synthesize dsRNA, thus indicating that the plus strand RNA template for replication extends from the replicase particle. This study showed that replicase particles undergo a continuous change in size during RNA replication due apparently to plus strand RNA templates moving into the replicase particle during the synthesis of dsRNA.

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“…Acute viral gastroenteritis is the second most common infectious disease worldwide (20,5), affecting humans of all age groups (23,17) but mostly the young, the elderly, and people in enclosed communities, such as hospitals, nursing homes, military bases, and cruise ships. Known enteric viral pathogens include adenovirus group F serotypes 40 and 41, rotavirus, norovirus, and astrovirus, with rotavirus and norovirus being the predominant causative agents of gastroenteritis (3,7,30).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Verification of the Seeplex Diarrhea-V ACE Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Adenovirus, Rotavirus, and Norovirus Genogroups I and II in Clinical Stool Specimens

Higgins¹,

Beniprashad²,

Cardona³

et al. 2011

J Clin Microbiol

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Acute viral gastroenteritis is an intestinal infection that can be caused by several different viruses. Here we describe the evaluation and verification of Seeplex Diarrhea-V ACE (Seeplex DV), a novel commercial multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay that detects 5 diarrheal pathogens, including adenovirus, rotavirus, norovirus genogroup I (GI) and GII, and astrovirus. We describe a retrospective study of 200 clinical specimens of which 177 were stool specimens previously tested for the presence of gastrointestinal viruses by electron microscopy (EM) and/or real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). The remaining 23 specimens comprised other human pathogens of viral or bacterial origin. Discordant norovirus GI and GII results were resolved using a commercial kit; discordant adenovirus and rotavirus results were resolved using a home brew multiplex rRT-PCR assay. Diagnostic sensitivities and specificities were calculated before and after discordant analysis. After discordant analysis, estimated diagnostic sensitivities were 100% for adenovirus, rotavirus, and norovirus GI and 97% for norovirus GII. Diagnostic specificities after discordant analysis were 100% for adenovirus, rotavirus, and norovirus GI and 99.4% for norovirus GII. The 95% limits of detection were 31, 10, 2, and 1 genome equivalent per reaction for adenovirus, rotavirus, and norovirus GI and GII, respectively. The results demonstrate that the Seeplex DV assay is sensitive, specific, convenient, and reliable for the simultaneous detection of several viral pathogens directly in specimens from patients with gastroenteritis. Importantly, this novel multiplex PCR assay enabled the identification of viral coinfections in 12 (6.8%) stool specimens.Acute viral gastroenteritis is the second most common infectious disease worldwide (20, 5), affecting humans of all age groups (23, 17) but mostly the young, the elderly, and people in enclosed communities, such as hospitals, nursing homes, military bases, and cruise ships. Known enteric viral pathogens include adenovirus group F serotypes 40 and 41, rotavirus, norovirus, and astrovirus, with rotavirus and norovirus being the predominant causative agents of gastroenteritis (3,7,30). In recent years the number of reported gastroenteritis outbreaks of suspected viral etiology has increased, hence the need for fast, sensitive, and reliable diagnostic assays.The established method for detection of enteric viruses at the Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (OAHPP) Public Health Laboratories (PHL) relies on the conventional and labor-intensive electron microscopy (EM). In recent years, home brew real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) assays were implemented for the detection of norovirus GI and GII (11). Similar home brew rRT-PCR assays for the detection of adenovirus (6) and rotavirus (35) have been described. These rRT-PCR assays enable the detection of a specific virus by the amplification of a unique genomic sequence within its RNA or DNA. However, the simultaneous detection of several viruses c...

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Human viral gastroenteritis

Cited by 83 publications

References 404 publications

Rotavirus detection in feces of children with acute diarrhea

Rotavirus detection in feces of children with acute diarrhea

Rotavirus RNA Replication: Single-stranded RNA Extends from the Replicase Particle

Evaluation and Verification of the Seeplex Diarrhea-V ACE Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Adenovirus, Rotavirus, and Norovirus Genogroups I and II in Clinical Stool Specimens

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