Rotavirus detection in feces of children with acute diarrhea

Abstract

ResumoObjetivo: Determinar a prevalência da infecção por rotavírus em um grupo de crianças da cidade de Natal-RN, Brasil, que apresentavam diarréia aguda e verificar a existência ou não de distribuição sazonal da infecção por esses patógenos em nosso meio.Métodos: Foram analisadas amostras fecais de 1.903 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idades variando de 1 mês a 10 anos, residentes na cidade de Natal-RN, que apresentavam episódio de diarréia aguda, no período de janeiro de 1996 a dezembro de 1998. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa de partículas virais diretamente nas fezes, através de uma reação de aglutinação passiva, empregando-se partículas de látex cobertas com anticorpos monoclonais grupo-específico anti-rotavírus.Resultados: Na população estudada, 151 crianças (7,9%) apresentaram reação positiva para a presença de partículas de rotavírus nas fezes. Considerando-se, no entanto, apenas as crianças mais suscetíveis à infecção por esse grupo de vírus, que compreende a faixa etária de 1 a 24 meses de vida, constatou-se que, de um total de 1.065 crianças examinadas, 136 (12,8%) apresentaram reação positiva para rotavírus, sendo que 96,3% tinham entre 6 e 24 meses de vida. A distribuição pelos meses do ano, dos casos de diarréia aguda de crianças que apresentaram rotavírus nas fezes revelou que a incidência da infecção por esses patógenos foi maior nos meses de julho, agosto e setembro, nos três anos estudados.Conclusões: Os resultados indicam que os rotavírus têm participação importante na etiologia da diarréia aguda em nosso meio, e que a maioria dos casos da infecção, por esses patógenos, ocorre durante os dois primeiros anos de vida, atingindo principalmente as crianças na faixa etária de 6 a 24 meses e com uma maior prevalência nos meses de julho, agosto e setembro. J. pediatr. (Rio J.). 2000; 76(4):300-304: prevalência rotavírus, diarréia, gastroenterite. AbstractObjective: To determine the prevalence of rotavirus in the etiology of acute diarrhea in children from Natal city, RN, Brazil and investigate the existence or not of a seasonal distribution of this pathogen in our environment.Methods: Fecal samples from 1,903 children (boys and girls) with ages ranging from 1 month to 10 years, living in Natal-RN, who presented acute diarrhea episodes in a period from January 1996 to December 1998, were analyzed. We searched viral particles directly in the feces by a passive agglutination reaction using anti-rotavirus specific-group monoclonal antibodies coated latex particles.Results: 151 children (7.9%) of the studied population presented a positive reaction, revealing the presence of rotavirus particles in feces. Considering, however, only the children (ages from 1 to 24 months) who are more susceptible to rotavirus infection, we verified that from 1,065 examined children, 136 of them (12.8%) presented positive reaction for rotavirus, and the great majority of all children with positive reaction (96.3%) had ages ranging from 6 to 24 months. Analysis of the distribution of the cases of rotavirus infection in the...

Rotavirus epidemiology and surveillance before vaccine introduction in Argentina, 2012–2014

“…Overall data show that rotavirus was detected in about 25% of samples tested, the highest rates observed in children under 2 years of age. These results are consistent with several studies in Latin America and the Caribbean before vaccines were included in national immunization programs [Fernandes et al, 2000;Kane et al, 2004;de Oliveira et al, 2009;ÓRyan et al, 2009]. Also, noteworthy is the large number of tests performed for which age data were not available, especially considering that in 2014 this category represented more than 20% of the data.…”

Acute diarrhoea in a community cohort of children who received an oral rotavirus vaccine in Northeast Brazil

“…This effect may account for the pattern of rotavirus disease observed following national immunization in the United States of America, where children too old to have received the rotavirus vaccine were found to have a reduced incidence of rotavirus disease (Tate et al 2009). Anderson (2008 recently reported that rotavirus vaccines can be transmitted from recently vaccinated to unvaccinated children, although it is not established whether these secondary immunizations would have resulted in immunological protection, as a decreased circulation of the virus in the environment could alternatively explain this effect.As expected, diarrhoea incidence was higher in younger children (Raúl Veláz�uez et al 1993, Fernandes et al 2000, Carneiro et al 2005, Fischer et al 2007, Gia�uinto & van Damme 2010. Similar results have been reported by Raúl Veláz�uez et al (1993), who observed an incidence of 3.2 episodes/child/year in a cohort of Mexican children followed from birth, with the highest incidence occurring between seven-nive months of age, and by O'Ryan et al (2009), who reported incidences of 0.26 and 0.57 episodes per child in the first and second six months of life, respectively, in Chile.…”

“…As expected, diarrhoea incidence was higher in younger children (Raúl Veláz�uez et al 1993, Fernandes et al 2000, Carneiro et al 2005, Fischer et al 2007, Gia�uinto & van Damme 2010. Similar results have been reported by Raúl Veláz�uez et al (1993), who observed an incidence of 3.2 episodes/child/year in a cohort of Mexican children followed from birth, with the highest incidence occurring between seven-nive months of age, and by O'Ryan et al (2009), who reported incidences of 0.26 and 0.57 episodes per child in the first and second six months of life, respectively, in Chile.…”

Performance of a latex agglutination test in the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis by rotavirus

“…In the first rotavirus surveys, the viral agent detection was performed by electronic microscopy (EM); afterwards, others techniques were developed, such as poliacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), immunofluorescence (IF), radioimmunoassay (RIA), reverse passive hemagglutination (RPH), immunoenzimatic assay (IEA), latex agglutination test (LAT) and, more recently, a reverse transcription polimerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunochromatography (IMC) (1,2,3,6,7). Among these assays, LAT has been reported as a simple and fast assay, as required for rapid diagnosis and illness control on hospital level.…”