The effects of improving low dietary protein utilization on the proteome of lamb tissues

Abstract

Cistus ladanifer L. is a common shrub endemic to the Mediterranean region with high levels of condensed tannins (CT). CT form complexes with dietary protein resisting microbial degradation in the rumen, which enhances dietary protein utilization in ruminant diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utilization of CT in the diet of lambs on the proteomes of muscle, hepatic and adipose tissues. Twenty-four Merino Branco ram lambs were randomly allocated to three treatments (n = 8): Ccontrol (160 g crude protein (CP)) per kg DM, RPreduced protein (120 g CP/kg DM); and RPCTreduced protein (120 g CP/kg DM) treated with CT extract. At the end of the trial, lambs were slaughtered and the longissimus lumborum muscle, hepatic and peri-renal adipose tissues sampled. A two-way approach was used for proteomic analysis: 2D-DIGE and nanoLC-MS. In the muscle, C lambs had lower abundance proteins that partake in the glycolysis pathway than the lambs of other treatments. Control lambs had lower abundance of Fe-carrying proteins in the hepatic tissue than RP and RPCT lambs. The latter lambs had highest abundance of hepatic flavin reductase. In the adipose tissue, C lambs had lowest abundance of fatty-acid synthase. Significancesoybean meal is an expensive feedstuff in which intensive animal production systems heavily rely on. It is a source of protein extensively degraded in the rumen, leading to efficiency losses on dietary protein utilization during digestion. Protection of dietary protein from extensive ruminal degradation throughout the use of plants or extracts rich in CT allow an increase in the digestive utilization of feed proteins. In addition to enhance the protein digestive utilization, dietary CT may induce other beneficial effects in ruminants such as the improvement of the antioxidant status.

Untargeted Metabolomics Sheds Light on the Secondary Metabolism of Fungi Triggered by Choline-Based Ionic Liquids

“…Samples (<1 μg⋅mL –1 ; 4 μL each) were analyzed as follows. N. crassa samples were loaded on a C18 PepMap trap column (5 μm, 300 μm × 5 mm) (Thermo Scientific) at a flow rate of 2 μL min –1 for 10 min using 2% (v/v) ACN + 0.05% (v/v) TFA as mobile phase ( Ribeiro et al, 2020 ); then peptides were separated at a flow rate of 300 nL⋅min –1 into a C18 PepMap 100 column (75 μm × 150 mm, 3 μm, 100 Å) (Thermo Scientific) using a linear binary gradient of 0.1% formic acid (v/v) in water (solvent A) and 0.1% formic acid (v/v) in ACN (solvent B) for a total running time of 100 min. Gradient program was 3–60% B in 60 min, then 40% B from 60 to 70 min, increasing again to 80% B to wash the column and finally re-equilibrating to the initial conditions (3% B) for 20 min.…”

Domestic animal proteomics in the 21st century: A global retrospective and viewpoint analysis

“…Strategies can be designed to reduce the import costs and negative environmental impact. Using condensed tannins to increase dietary protein availability in low soybean meal lamb diets has shown promising results [9], whereas novel alternative feedstuffs such as microalgae are currently being tested [94]. Using proteomics to understand the physiological effects of such dietary alternatives has hence been successfully demonstrated [9,94].Recently, the use of phospho-proteomics has emerged as a new frontier in domestic animal research [95].…”

“…Specifically related to domestic animal science, numerous applications may be found, covering areas from meat and dairy science [1], to food safety and traceability [2] related to animal-borne disease research [3], as well as wool science [4], and many others. Furthermore, proteomic research has been undertaken in most domestic species including fish [5], cats [6], dogs [7], cattle [8], small ruminants [9,10], rabbits [11], pigs [12,13] and poultry [14]. The results obtained from such research have contributed significantly to both fundamental and applied knowledge in the field [15] being of utmost importance to the advancement of animal and veterinary sciences.…”