The Effects of Illuminating Gas on Root Systems

Harvey, E. M.; Rose, R. C.

doi:10.1086/331597

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Ten years ago, a similar analysis was performed with ACS2, one of the first Arabidopsis gene family members to be cloned (Rodrigues-Pousada et al, 1993). The results are very (Harvey and Rose, 1915;Goeschl et al, 1966Goeschl et al, , 1967Smith and Robertson, 1971;Bucher and Pilet, 1982;Eisinger, 1983;Osborne et al, 1985;Guzman and Ecker, 1990;M.B. Jackson 1991;Osborne, 1991;Raskin, 1991;Schiefelbein and Benfey, 1991;Abeles et al, 1992;Kieber et al, 1993;Smalle et al, 1997;Achard et al, 2003;Dolan and Davies, 2004).…”

Section: Discussion Ethylene and Plant Growth And Developmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Unique and Overlapping Expression Patterns among the Arabidopsis 1-Amino-Cyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase Gene Family Members

2004

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1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway in plants. The Arabidopsis genome encodes nine ACS polypeptides that form eight functional (ACS2, ACS4-9, and ACS11) homodimers and one nonfunctional (ACS1) homodimer. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines were constructed expressing the b-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter genes from the promoter of each of the gene family members to determine their patterns of expression during plant development. All genes, except ACS9, are expressed in 5-d-old etiolated or light-grown seedlings yielding distinct patterns of GUS staining. ACS9 expression is detected later in development. Unique and overlapping expression patterns were detected for all the family members in various organs of adult plants. ACS11 is uniquely expressed in the trichomes of sepals and ACS1 in the replum. Overlapping expression was observed in hypocotyl, roots, various parts of the flower (sepals, pedicle, style, etc.) and in the stigmatic and abscission zones of the silique. Exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) enhances the constitutive expression of ACS2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 11 in the root. Wounding of hypocotyl tissue inhibits the constitutive expression of ACS1 and ACS5 and induces the expression of ACS2, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 11. Inducers of ethylene production such as cold, heat, anaerobiosis, and Li 1 ions enhance or suppress the expression of various members of the gene family in the root of light-grown seedlings. Examination of GUS expression in transverse sections of cotyledons reveals that all ACS genes, except ACS9, are expressed in the epidermis cell layer, guard cells, and vascular tissue. Similar analysis with root tip tissue treated with IAA reveals unique and overlapping expression patterns in the various cell types of the lateral root cap, cell division, and cell expansion zones. IAA inducibility is gene-specific and cell type-dependent across the root tip zone. This limited comparative exploration of ACS gene family expression reveals constitutive spatial and temporal expression patterns of all gene family members throughout the growth period examined. The unique and overlapping gene activity pattern detected reveals a combinatorial code of spatio-temporal coexpression among the various gene family members during plant development. This raises the prospect that functional ACS heterodimers may be formed in planta.

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Section: Discussion Ethylene and Plant Growth And Developmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Unique and Overlapping Expression Patterns among the Arabidopsis 1-Amino-Cyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase Gene Family Members

2004

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“…With the exception of the longknown effect of exogenously supplied ethylene in the inhibition of longitudinal root growth (Harvey and Rose, 1915) and the possible interference in root geotropic response (Jackson, 1991), few correlations can be drawn. There is also a lack of convincing evidence that elongation in unstressed roots is stimulated by inhibitors of ethylene action or synthesis (Jackson, 1991).…”

Section: Acs7 Expression 1s Developmentally Regulated In the Root Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsis 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase Gene 1 Is Expressed during Early Development.

et al. 1993

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The temporal and spatlal expression of one member of the Arabidopsis 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase gene family (ACS7) was analyzed using a promoter-P-glucuronidase fusion. The expression of ACSl is under developmental control both in shoot and root. High expression was observed in young tissues and was switched off in mature tissues. ACS7 pmmoter activity was strongly correlated with lateral root formation. Dark-grown seedlings exhibited a different expression pattern from light-grown ones. The ACC content and the in vivo activity of ACC oxidase were determined. ACC content correlated with ACS7 gene activity. ACC oxidase activity was demonstrated in young Arabidopsis seedlings. Thus, the ACC formed can be converted into ethylene. In addition, ethylene production of immature leaves was fourfold higher compared to that of mature leaves. The possible involvement of ACSl in influencing plant growth and development is discussed. INTRODUCTIONEthylene is involved in several aspects of plant development from germination and seedling growth to flowering, fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and organ senescence. It also plays a key role in the response to environmental factors (Abeles, 1973; Yang and Hoffman, 1984; Moore, 1989; Van Der Straeten and Van Montagu, 1991).With the recent cloning of genes encoding the two most important enzymes in the biosynthesis of ethylene, l-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (Nakajima et al., 1990; Van Der Straeten et al., 1990; Dong et al., 1991;Huang et al., 1991; Olson et al., 1991; and ACC oxidase (ethylene-forming enzyme or EFE) (Hamilton et al., 1990; Spanu et al., 1991;Wang and Woodson, 1991), more information about the molecular regulation of the synthesis of this hormone has been made available. The main focus has been on the regulation of ACC synthase gene expression because of its key regulatory role in the pathway. This implies that diverse inducers of ethylene production are also inducers of de novo synthesis of ACC synthase (Yang and Hoffmann, 1984; Van Der Straeten and Van Montagu, 1991).ACC synthases have been cloned from tomato (Van Der Straeten et al., 1990; Olson et al., 1991; To whom correspondence should be addressed.Yip et al., 1992), winter squash (Nakajima et al., 1990), zucchini (Huang et al., 1991), Arabidopsis (Liang et al., 1992; Van Der Straeten et al., 1992), mung bean (Botellaet al., 1992; Kim et al., 1992), carnation (Park et al., 1992), orchid (ONeill et al., 1993), tobacco (Bailey et al., 1992), and apple (Dong et ai., 1991; Kim et al., 1992). In several cases, it has been shown that ACC synthase genes belong to a multigene family and that they are differentially responsive to various ethyleneinducing factors and conditions such as wounding, fruit ripening, and auxins, although in certain cases some leve1 of coordination was demonstrated (Nakajima et al., 1990; Van Der Straeten et al., 1990; Dong et al., 1991; Olson et al., 1991; ; Yip et ai., 1992). These studies have provided information about general aspects of AC...

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“…Harvey and Rose (8) and Doubt (4) found that ethylene causes abnormal growths in the tissues of various plants. 'Wallace (24) found that ethylene caused abnormal growths in sixteen different species of woody plants including the apple.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intumescences on Poplar Leaves. Ii. Physiological Considerations

Rue

1933

American J of Botany

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The Effects of Illuminating Gas on Root Systems

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Unique and Overlapping Expression Patterns among the Arabidopsis 1-Amino-Cyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase Gene Family Members

Unique and Overlapping Expression Patterns among the Arabidopsis 1-Amino-Cyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase Gene Family Members

The Arabidopsis 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase Gene 1 Is Expressed during Early Development.

Intumescences on Poplar Leaves. Ii. Physiological Considerations

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