The Effects of Ice on Blood Flow and Bone Metabolism in Knees

Ho, Sherwin S.W.; Coel, Marc N.; Kagawa, Robert S.; Richardson, Allen B.

doi:10.1177/036354659402200417

Cited by 104 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our results demonstrated that this phenomenon is important and can induce a consequent temperature increase in healthy cartilage. The temperature measurement of the knee joint has a long history in medical thermometry (Ammer, 2012;Ho et al, 1994;Sanchez-Inchausti et al, 2005). However most of the measurements are based-skin (Becher et al, 2008;Oosterveld and Rasker, 1994) or are intra-articular (Martin et al, 2001;Warren et al, 2004), which cannot discriminate between heat generated by dissipation and heat generated by muscles and transported via the vascular system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic viscoelasticity increases temperature in knee cartilage under physiological loading

Abdel-Sayed

Moghadam

Salomir

et al. 2014

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Temperature Magnetic resonance imagingDifferential scanning calorimetry a b s t r a c t Metabolism of proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid has been shown to be temperaturedependent in cartilage explants, with optimal anabolic effects between 36 1C and 38 1C. At rest, the temperature of human knee has a value of around 33 1C. We aim to show in this study that viscoelastic properties of healthy human cartilage allow its temperature to reach those optimal temperatures during physiological mechanical loadings. We developed a model allowing to determine the temperature increase in cartilage due to viscous dissipation. The model had three parameters, which were determined experimentally. The first parameter was the energy dissipated by cartilage samples submitted to cyclic stimulation. It was obtained with standard in vitro mechanical testing. The second parameter was the cartilage heat capacity and was measured in vitro with differential scanning calorimetry. Finally, the third parameter was the time constant of cartilage heat transfer and was obtained with in vivo magnetic resonance thermometry performed on four volunteers. With these experimentally determined parameters, the model predicted that cartilage dissipation is sufficient to raise the temperature in healthy knee cartilage from 33 1C to 36.7 1C after a 1 h walking. These results showed that intrinsic viscoelastic properties of the cartilage could induce a temperature increase optimal for the production of proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid. Interestingly, degenerated cartilage did not present high enough viscoelastic properties to significantly induce a temperature increase. Taken together, these data suggest an association between cartilage dissipation and its homeostasis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic viscoelasticity increases temperature in knee cartilage under physiological loading

Abdel-Sayed

Moghadam

Salomir

et al. 2014

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…15,16 The primary therapeutic objective of this modality is to suppress the metabolic rate of traumatized tissue by decreasing tissue temperature. 17 Decreasing the tissue temperature results in vasoconstriction as well as decreases in motor and sensory nerve conduction 18,19 and a reduction in swelling and provision of analgesia. 19 Additionally, hypothermia decreases postoperative pain by reducing concentrations of tumor necrosis factor and nitric oxide, which are 2 important inflammatory mediators.…”

Section: Small Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cold compression therapy on postoperative pain, swelling, range of motion, and lameness after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs

Drygas¹,

McClure²,

Goring³

et al. 2011

javma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective—To evaluate the effect of cold compression therapy (CCT) on postoperative pain, lameness, range of motion of the stifle joint, and swelling following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs. Design—Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Animals—34 client-owned dogs with unilateral deficiency of a cranial cruciate ligament undergoing TPLO. Procedures—Dogs were assigned to 2 groups. Group 1 (n = 17 dogs) received CCT in the 24-hour period following TPLO. Group 2 (n = 17 dogs) received no CCT. Degree of lameness, range of motion, and circumference of the stifle joint were measured before surgery and 1,14, and 28 days after surgery. A modified composite Glasgow pain scale, visual analogue scale, and pain threshold score were used to evaluate signs of pain before surgery and 1,14, and 28 days after surgery. Logistic regression and linear regression analysis were used to compare the measured variables. Results—No complications were observed, and all dogs tolerated CCT. Use of CCT resulted in lower values for the visual analogue scale and Glasgow pain scale and lower pain threshold scores; lower lameness scores; less swelling; and an increased range of motion 24 hours after surgery. At 14 days after surgery, there were no significant differences between groups. At 28 days after surgery, too few data sets were available for comparison. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—CCT decreased signs of pain, swelling, and lameness and increased stifle joint range of motion in dogs during the first 24 hours after TPLO.

show abstract

“…C ryotherapy, which is the application of cold to an injured area, is a treatment protocol used to manage the magnitude of the inflammatory process, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] blood flow, [10][11][12][13][14] initial swelling, [1][2][3][4][5][6]9,15 secondary injury, 1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]16,17 and pain. [1][2][3][5][6][7][8][9] Researchers have demonstrated that the application of external compression with cryotherapy greatly decreases both surface and intramuscular temperatures when compared with no compression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Magnitude of Tissue Cooling During Cryotherapy With Varied Types of Compression

Tomchuk

Rubley

Holcomb

et al. 2010

Journal of Athletic Training

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context: Certified athletic trainers can choose different types of external compression (none, Flex-i-Wrap, and elastic wrap) when applying an ice bag to the body. However, which type facilitates the greatest magnitude of tissue cooling is unclear.Objective: To compare the effects of 2 common types of external compression on the magnitude of surface and intramuscular cooling during an ice-bag treatment.Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: University research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Fourteen college students (10 women, 4 men; age 5 22.4 6 1.8 years, height 5 169.1 6 8.2 cm, mass 5 73.3 6 18.5 kg, skinfold 5 13.14 6 1.61 mm) with previous cryotherapy experience and a posterior lower leg skinfold equal to or less than 15 mm.Intervention(s): On 3 different days separated by 24 to 48 hours, an ice bag was applied to the posterior lower leg surface of each participant for 30 minutes with no compression, with elastic wrap, or with Flex-i-Wrap.Main Outcome Measure(s): Posterior lower leg surface and intramuscular (2 cm) temperatures were recorded for 95 minutes.Results: At 15 minutes, the elastic wrap produced greater surface temperature reduction than no compression (P 5 .03); this difference remained throughout the protocol (P range, .03 to .04). At 30 minutes, surface temperatures were 14.956C, 11.556C, and 9.496C when an ice bag was applied with no external compression, Flex-i-Wrap, and elastic wrap, respectively. Surface temperatures between Flex-i-Wrap and elastic wrap and between Flex-i-Wrap and no compression were never different. At 10 minutes, Flex-i-Wrap (P 5 .006) and elastic wrap (P , .001) produced greater intramuscular temperature reduction than no compression produced; these differences remained throughout the protocol. At 10 minutes, no compression, Flex-iWrap, and elastic wrap decreased intramuscular temperature by 1.346C, 2.466C, and 2.736C, respectively. At 25 minutes, elastic wrap (8.036C) produced greater temperature reduction than Flexi-Wrap (6.656C) (P 5 .03) or no compression (4.636C) (P , .001 ). These differences remained throughout ice application and until 50 minutes after ice-bag removal.Conclusions: During an ice-bag application, external compression with elastic wrap was more effective than Flex-i-Wrap at reducing intramuscular tissue temperature. Elastic wraps should be used for acute injury care.Key Words: intramuscular temperatures, surface temperatures, insulation Key Points N External compression of an ice bag with an elastic wrap provided greater temperature reduction after a 30-minute treatment than did compression with Flex-i-Wrap. N Intramuscular temperature decreases were different but surface temperature decreases were not different between Flex-iWrap and elastic wrap compression.N Intramuscular temperature was lower with compression than with no compression at 10 minutes and was lower with elastic wrap than with Flex-i-Wrap at 25 minutes.N Compression with elastic wrap demonstrated a higher average atmosphere-interface temperature than the other con...

show abstract

The Effects of Ice on Blood Flow and Bone Metabolism in Knees

Cited by 104 publications

References 10 publications

Intrinsic viscoelasticity increases temperature in knee cartilage under physiological loading

Intrinsic viscoelasticity increases temperature in knee cartilage under physiological loading

Effect of cold compression therapy on postoperative pain, swelling, range of motion, and lameness after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs

The Magnitude of Tissue Cooling During Cryotherapy With Varied Types of Compression

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About