The effects of hydrodynamics on the three-dimensional downstream migratory movement of Atlantic salmon

Silva, Ana T.; Bærum, Kim Magnus; Hedger, Richard D.; Baktoft, Henrik; Fjeldstad, Hans‐Petter; Gjelland, Karl Øystein; Økland, Finn; Forseth, Torbjørn

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135773

Cited by 67 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, we observed that 45.6% did not follow the main flow, as was also observed in some situations by Havn et al (2017), Kärgenberg et al (2020) and Renardy et al (2020). The hydrodynamic characteristics of the river such as the flow velocity also influence smolts' behaviour, as observed by Kerr and Kemp (2019) and Silva et al (2020). In our study, hydrodynamic modelling showed that the time evolution of the Meuse discharge leads to flow velocity variations in the approach zone.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…To increase their efficiency, these mitigation measures should be performed as a priority during dusk and at night, which are known to be the diel migration activity times in the Meuse river basin (Ovidio et al, 2021;Renardy et al, 2020). If mitigation measures turn out to be effective after simulations, a 2D-3D tracking evaluation would be useful after their implementation (Silva et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of hydraulic modelling in combination with acoustic telemetry helps to understand the choice made by migrating fish, the passage success and their further behaviour afterwards (Vergeynst, 2018;Szabo-Meszaros et al, 2019;Silva et al, 2020). Combining detailed hydraulic modelling and precise behavioural analyses enabled a better visualization of the influence of hydrodynamic characteristics on smolts' behaviour upstream of migration barriers (Vergeynst, 2018;Silva et al, 2020) or the identification, by simulations, of the most suitable mitigation measures to favour a quick and safe migration (Szabo-Meszaros et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trying to choose the less bad route: Individual migratory behaviour of Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar L.) approaching a bifurcation between a hydropower station and a navigation canal

Renardy

Takriet

Benitez

et al. 2021

Ecological Engineering

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Contrary to small-and medium-sized rivers, little attention has been paid to the downstream migration of Atlantic salmon smolts in large-sized rivers and the size-related impact of hydropower stations. From 2014 to 2016, we investigated the downstream migration of n = 72 acoustic-tagged smolts in the Meuse river at a bifurcation zone between a hydropower station equipped with three Kaplan turbines and a navigation canal. A hydrodynamic model that solves the depth-integrated shallow water equations on a Cartesian grid using a finite volume technique was used to infer the influence of water discharge and flow velocity on the smolts' behaviour upstream of the hydroelectric complex. Of the migrating smolts, 41.5% performed back and forth movements before approaching the complex for the first time, sometimes over long distances and at a slow pace, leading to significant delays (3-298 h). Beyond about 250 m 3 s − 1 , the water flow direction changes towards the hydropower station with a gradual acceleration. A median water discharge of 161 m 3 s − 1 and associated median flow velocity of 0.14 m s − 1 tended to favour a more direct and downstream movement towards the hydropower station. On the other hand, the navigation canal was mainly approached at low water discharge (median 132 m 3 s − 1 ), due to a higher flow velocity (median 0.11 m s − 1 ) at the entrance. Of the released smolts, only 38.6% passed through the complex, of which 36.4% migrated by the navigation canal and 63.6% by the hydropower station, with a median research time of 04:44. Among all the released individuals, the escapement rate at the end of the study site was 2.9% by the canal and 8.3% by the Meuse river. This site, which offers two non-optimal, unattractive and unsafe migration routes, turns out to be problematic for successful downstream smolt migration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trying to choose the less bad route: Individual migratory behaviour of Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar L.) approaching a bifurcation between a hydropower station and a navigation canal

Renardy

Takriet

Benitez

et al. 2021

Ecological Engineering

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“…The optimum timing for migration is associated with successful reproduction, suitable environmental conditions and appropriate food sources, which affect the fitness and survival of fish (Lennox et al, 2016). Fish, especially downstream migrating juveniles, adapt to actively move with the main flow, which offers energetic advantages (Silva et al, 2019; Williams et al, 2012). Still, fish do not float passively downstream, instead they respond to hydrodynamic changes by utilizing their swimming ability, rheotactic orientation, and adaptable behaviour, to optimize migration timing (Haro, Odeh, Noreika, & Castro‐Santos, 1998; Williams et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour and ability of a cyprinid (Schizopygopsis younghusbandi) to cope with accelerating flows when migrating downstream

Shi

Jin

et al. 2020

River Research & Apps

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The migration corridors in regulated rivers lead downstream fish migrants, particularly juveniles to pass through water infrastructure. Accelerating flow, experienced by fish, might trigger avoidance behaviour and then influence the downstream migration efficacy. It is essential to understand the causes of avoidance behaviour exhibited by downstream migratory fish in accelerating flow. In this study, the effect of three different accelerating flows on the downstream migration behaviour of Schizopygopsis younghusbandi (S.Y) was investigated using a constriction wedge in a circulating flume. The results showed that some fish (30%, 23%, and 39% under low, medium, and high flow conditions, respectively) repeatedly attempted to burst upstream with positive rheotaxis prior to successful passage downstream. Under the low‐, medium‐, and high‐accelerating levels, the average fish swimming speeds were 89.19, 91.28, and 111.94 cm/s, respectively; these values were close to the critical swimming speed (110.42 cm/s) of the target fish. The water velocities at the fish avoidance points were centrally distributed at approximately 73.03 cm/s. Regarding turbulence, the results exhibited that the S.Y generally responded to a discrete range of <50 cm2/s2 of turbulent kinetic energy and < 2 N/m2 of the horizontal component of the Reynolds shear stress (RSSxy). Also, the fish that exhibited avoidance behaviour were not centrally distributed in the lateral and longitudinal velocity locations, where there was an abrupt change in the gradient. This study highlighted the impact of accelerating flow on the downstream fish migration behaviour of a cyprinid. Furthermore, this study quantified the hydraulic factors that triggered this avoidance. Thus, it provided experimental support for optimizing the design of the hydraulic factors for downstream fishways.

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“…Many salmon rivers are affected by anthropogenic constructions, such as hydropower plants (HPPs) and associated structures (e.g., intake, dam and impounded river stretches) that inherently alter natural conditions and interrupt river connectivity. These structures may constitute barriers to both up-and downstream migration, and hamper or completely block passage for shorter or longer periods [12][13][14][15][16]. Such structures can be detrimental to salmon kelt survival both directly and indirectly [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Energy Depletion of Wild Atlantic Salmon Kelts Negotiating Hydropower Facilities Lead to Reduced Survival?

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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Repeat spawners constitute an important component of Atlantic salmon populations, but survival of post-spawning individuals (kelts) are often compromised by anthropogenic structures such as hydropower plants (HPPs). Potential effects of HPPs include migration delays and associated increased energy depletion, which potentially results in increased overall mortality. We combined a detailed 3D hydraulic model with high-resolution 3D tracking of tagged kelts (length 73–104 cm) to obtain estimates of kelt movement through water. These estimates were then used in an energetics model to estimate hourly energy expenditure while negotiating the HPP area. Hourly kelt energy expenditure varied between 0.8 and 10.1 kJ × h−1 and was dependent on kelt length. Degree of additional energy depletion can amount to several percent of remaining energy content (our study indicates 4–5 percentage points) potentially leading to reduced post-spawning survival. In turn, this can nullify the iteroparous breeding strategy and jeopardize long-term stability and persistence of Atlantic salmon populations inhabiting HPP rivers.

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The effects of hydrodynamics on the three-dimensional downstream migratory movement of Atlantic salmon

Cited by 67 publications

References 31 publications

Trying to choose the less bad route: Individual migratory behaviour of Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar L.) approaching a bifurcation between a hydropower station and a navigation canal

Trying to choose the less bad route: Individual migratory behaviour of Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar L.) approaching a bifurcation between a hydropower station and a navigation canal

Behaviour and ability of a cyprinid (Schizopygopsis younghusbandi) to cope with accelerating flows when migrating downstream

Can Energy Depletion of Wild Atlantic Salmon Kelts Negotiating Hydropower Facilities Lead to Reduced Survival?

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