The Effects of High Temperature on Infection by Potato virus Y, Potato virus A, and Potato leafroll virus

Abstract

We examined the effects of temperature on acquisition of Potato virus Y-O (PVY-O), Potato virus A (PVA), and Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) by Myzus persicae by performing transmission tests with aphids that acquired each virus at different temperatures. Infection by PVY-O/PVA and PLRV increased with increasing plant temperature in Nicotiana benthamiana and Physalis floridana, respectively, after being transmitted by aphids that acquired them within a temperature range of 10–20°C. However, infection rates subsequently decreased. Direct qRT-PCR of RNA extracted from a single aphid showed that PLRV infection increased in the 10–20°C range, but this trend also declined shortly thereafter. We examined the effect of temperature on establishment of virus infection. The greatest number of plants became infected when N. benthamiana was held at 20°C after inoculation with PVY-O or PVA. The largest number of P. floridana plants became infected with PLRV when the plants were maintained at 25°C. PLRV levels were highest in P. floridana kept at 20–25°C. These results indicate that the optimum temperatures for proliferation of PVY-O/PVA and PLRV differed. Western blot analysis showed that accumulations of PVY-O and PVA coat proteins (CPs) were lower at 10°C or 15°C than at 20°C during early infection. However, accumulation increased over time. At 25°C or 30°C, the CPs of both viruses accumulated during early infection but disappeared as time passed. Our results suggest that symptom attenuation and reduction of PVY-O and PVA CP accumulation at higher temperatures appear to be attributable to increased RNA silencing.

Water deficit enhances the transmission of plant viruses by insect vectors

“…Similarly, Chung et al [20] have shown that virus acquisition of Potato virus Y, Potato virus A and Potato leafroll virus , decreased when temperature was higher than 20°C. Concerning severe drought, it has long been known that viral infection can protect the host plants by delaying irreversible wilting [21].…”

Impact of Abiotic Stresses on Plant Virus Transmission by Aphids

“…It has been noted that the optimum temperature for plant virus transmission is pathosystem-dependent, and might differ slightly depending on the transmission step considered [47]. While the two potyviruses Potato virus A (PVA) and Potato virus Y (PVY) and PLRV are better transmitted, when acquisition by M. persicae is realised at 20 • C, the optimal temperature for further establishment of the infection differs according to virus species [48]. Optimal infection of PVA-or PVY-inoculated N. benthamiana occurs at 20 • C, while a temperature of 25 • C allows for the best disease development in PLRV-inoculated P. floridana [48].…”

“…In recent years, there have been some reports on the effects of other abiotic factors, namely CO 2 , O 3 , and water stress, on the spread of viral diseases as a consequence of the extreme environmental changes [48,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. Dader and colleagues [53] thoroughly examined the impact of elevated CO 2 levels (eCO 2 ) on M. persicae life history, feeding behaviour, and the virus transmission ability of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV; cucumovirus) to pepper plants (Capsicum annuum), transmitted in a non-circulative manner.…”

Temperature‐dependent resistance to potato virus M in potato (Solanum tuberosum)

“…Temperature affects many plant–pathogen interaction systems, including the interaction of potato and potato viruses. There are studies on temperature‐dependent differences in potato infection by various important potato viruses such as potato virus Y (PVY), potato virus X (PVX), potato virus A (PVA), and potato leafroll virus (PLRV; Adams et al ., 1986; Chung et al ., 2016; Szajko et al ., 2019). However, there is a lack of such research on the influence of temperature on potato infection by PVM.…”