The Effects of Grape Seed Extract Ointment on Approximation of Cesarean Section Wound

Abstract

Background: Cesarean section is among the most important gynecological surgeries and is the most common surgery in the present era. Delayed wound healing is among the main post-cesarean complications. It dramatically affects female's quality of life and causes frequent medical visits and even re-hospitalization. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the effects of grape seed extract on the approximation of cesarean section wound. Methods: This double-blind randomized controlled trial was done during year 2015 on a convenient sample of 129 eligible females, who had undergone a cesarean section at Valiasr hospital, Birjand, Iran. The candidates were randomly allocated to a placebo and two experimental groups. In one experimental group, the participants were treated with 2.5% grape seed extract ointment (group A) while in the other, 5% ointment was used (group B). Wound approximation was measured by using the redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge, approximation (REEDA) scale at three time points including before ointment application (T1) as well as at the sixth (T2) and the fourteenth (T3) post-intervention days. The data were analyzed via the SPSS (v. 19.0) software and through analysis of variance, Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Friedman's, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Before the study intervention, the difference among the groups regarding the mean score of wound approximation was not statistically significant (P = 0.14). However, there were significant differences among the groups regarding the mean score of wound approximation at T2 (P = 0.002) and T3 (P = 0.02). Conclusions:The findings of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of grape seed extract ointment in accelerating cesarean wound closure. Therefore, the ointment can be used to accelerate wound healing after cesarean section.

Nano formulated proanthocyanidins as an effective wound healing component

“…The findings of their clinical study indicate that they have used 5 % ointment of GSE on caesarean section (CS). They observed that it accelerates wound healing and reduce its closure time [31]. The findings of all these reported studies confirms that they have used about 2-5 % of GSE without using any polymer.…”

“…PCs also helps in promoting the formation of collagen and elastin and preservation of skin moisture. Furthermore, PCs induces vascular endothelial growth factor, reduces edema and encourages blood flow thereby accelerates wound healing [28][29][30][31][32][33]. Khanna et al reported the outcome of grape seed extract (GSE) on in-vivo wound healing among nine male BalbC mice.…”

Effect of Complementary Medicine on Pain Relief and Wound Healing after Cesarean Section: A Systematic Review

“…Mothers were asked to apply 1 g of ointment on the post-cesarean wound site every 12 hours. The wound site was evaluated at 6 and 14 days after the intervention, which showed a statistically significant difference between the three groups (p = 0.02) [ 33 ].…”