The effects of geological surroundings on earthquake-induced snow avalanche prone areas in the Kopaonik region

Bulajić, Borko Đ.; Stojnic, Nedeljko

doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2018.02.005

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Expectations of all UHS amplitudes will then have the same probability of exceedance in t years. Several recent studies of seismic microzonation in the region of north-western Balkans [25][26][27][28][29][30], which considered frequency-dependent attenuation equations and took also into account the deep geology effects, have confirmed the merits of the UHS approach. The comparison between the UHS-based and standard seismic microzonation studies is presented in Figure 3.…”

Section: Citymentioning

confidence: 81%

“…However, several regional seismic microzonation and strong ground motion studies [24][25][26][27][28][29][30] have shown that the deep geology, i.e., the geological characteristics up to depths of hundreds of meters or even a few kilometers [31], strongly influence seismic waves with both the shorter and longer oscillation periods. These studies show that even if the shallow geology description takes into account more than 30 m of the local soil depth (e.g., in the case we use the Seed's et al [32] classification), empirical predictions may still be biased, so the deeper geology conditions need to be considered.…”

Section: Citymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Contribution to a UHS-Based Seismic Risk Assessment in Croatia—A Case Study for the City of Osijek

2020

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Due to increases in the number of inhabitants and their concentrations in densely populated areas, there is a growing need in modern society to be cautious towards the impact of catastrophic natural events. An earthquake is a particularly major example of this. Knowledge of the seismic vulnerability of buildings in Europe and around the world has deepened and expanded over the last 20 years, as a result of the many devastating earthquakes. In this study, a review of seismic risk assessment methods in Croatia was presented with respect to the hazard, exposure, and vulnerability of buildings in the fourth largest city (Osijek) in Croatia. The proposed algorithm for a detailed risk assessment was applied to a database and is currently in its initial stage.Sustainability 2020, 12, 1796 2 of 24 to estimate the losses. These losses can be assessed in a material form, through the damage of the building stock or non-structural elements of buildings, or in the form of casualties or injuries during the earthquake [10,11]. The last step is to analyze uncertainties, costs, decision-making criteria, etc. The ultimate goal of studying earthquakes and their impact on people and buildings is to create a safer environment, in case an earthquake occurs.The basic elements of the earthquake risk assessment process are shown in Figure 1.Sustainability 2020, 12, 1796 2 of 25 probable intensity in a given geographical area). Then, based on the available data from the exposure model, evaluate the damage using one of the existing vulnerability assessment methods in order to estimate the losses. These losses can be assessed in a material form, through the damage of the building stock or non-structural elements of buildings, or in the form of casualties or injuries during the earthquake [10,11]. The last step is to analyze uncertainties, costs, decision-making criteria, etc. The ultimate goal of studying earthquakes and their impact on people and buildings is to create a safer environment, in case an earthquake occurs. The basic elements of the earthquake risk assessment process are shown in Figure 1.

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Section: Citymentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Citymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Contribution to a UHS-Based Seismic Risk Assessment in Croatia—A Case Study for the City of Osijek

2020

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“…Several recent studies have shown that such local soil and groundwater features may significantly affect the severity of the surface ground motion during strong earthquakes [10][11][12][13]. Seismic microzonation studies in the north-western Balkans [14][15][16][17][18] and a recent study of strong earthquake ground motion in the same region [19] have also shown that deep geological sediments strongly affect the severity of both longer and shorter wave periods. The same studies have shown that in areas with moderate local seismicity but with deep geological sediments, the severity of longer wave periods can be significant during more distant earthquakes.…”

Section: Seismic Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Seismic Vulnerability and Exposure Models—A Case Study of Croatia

et al. 2020

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Assessing earthquake risk and building vulnerability requires an exposure model. These exposure models quantify the building stock in terms of structural characteristics, spatial location, and occupancy. The most significant exposure parameters are the structural characteristics of buildings, which must be uniformly covered by structural typologies. Structural typologies that take into account the regional specificities of design and construction provide more accurate and reliable exposure models. Despite the long history of earthquake engineering in the Republic of Croatia, the assessment of exposure and vulnerability of buildings is a rather new concept, hindered by the fact that no city in the Republic of Croatia has a database on the number, types, and characteristics of existing buildings. The article presents the creation of a building exposure model for the city of Osijek, points out the problems and concerns that the realization process brings, and details the practical solutions and strategies that have been used to achieve the set goals.

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“…Settlements in the area of Kopaonik National Park are predominantly rural, in the mountainous altitude zone (at elevations of more than 600 m above sea level) and with unfavorable size and morphological structure. During the 1980s this area was affected by an earthquake, which affected Besides being acknowledged as a region of significant natural value, this area is also known as the oldest and largest ski resort in Serbia and the second largest ski center in Southeast Europe, after Bansko in Bulgaria [77]. The development of ski tourism started in the 1930s, when the first organized skiing course was conducted, and today the ski resort has approximately 62 km of prepared paths and ski trails, with an artificial snow-making system covering approximately 97% of the entire territory of the ski resort.…”

Section: Study Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourism as a Factor of Regional Development: Community Perceptions and Potential Bank Support in the Kopaonik National Park (Serbia)

Бранков

Penjišević²,

Ćurčić

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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This paper represents a case study examining perceptions about tourism and reactions of the local community and bank decision makers to its development. The survey method was applied to establish the community’s attitude towards the impact of tourism in different spheres of life in the Kopaonik National Park (Serbia). The sample of 195 adult respondents covered inhabitants of 16 communities located within the wider area of the national park. In parallel, the potential support of banks for tourism development was examined on a sample of 21 banks. The survey results identified strong positive attitudes towards tourism and the presence of tourists among the local population. Compared to other categories, the community’s members employed in tourism had more favorable perceptions of tourism. The findings of the study also revealed that younger and better educated members of the population had more positive attitudes towards tourism impacts. Certain independent economic variables (the impact of tourism on job creation) and non-economic ones (the impact of tourism on activities of the community, reactions to the presence of tourists) significantly predicted the community´s support for tourism. An analysis of potential bank support showed that future community involvement in the tourism industry should be initiated by an adequate approach and credit policy instruments in the wider area of the Kopaonik National park.

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The effects of geological surroundings on earthquake-induced snow avalanche prone areas in the Kopaonik region

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

A Contribution to a UHS-Based Seismic Risk Assessment in Croatia—A Case Study for the City of Osijek

A Contribution to a UHS-Based Seismic Risk Assessment in Croatia—A Case Study for the City of Osijek

Development of Seismic Vulnerability and Exposure Models—A Case Study of Croatia

Tourism as a Factor of Regional Development: Community Perceptions and Potential Bank Support in the Kopaonik National Park (Serbia)

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