The Effects of Gelatinized Wheat Starch and High Salt Diet on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Disorder

Ho, Moon; Lee, Hye-Bin; Lee, Eunjung; Park, Ho-Young

doi:10.3390/nu12020301

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For the microbiota, we discovered in the colon content of the mice similar results as described by Do et al (2020) [ 55 ], e.g., an increase in Muribaculaceae and a decrease in Lactobacillus in the gelatinized diet (E2) and decreased numbers for Muribaculaceae and increased numbers for Lactobacillus in P2, the diet with highest total starch content ( Figure 5 d). Other sampling regions in our experiment did not concord with the previous findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Other sampling regions in our experiment did not concord with the previous findings. As Do et al (2020) [ 55 ] were using fecal samples for their study, the findings seem to be comparable to those found in the colons content and feces only. However, Do et al (2020) [ 55 ] did not provide data on the degree of starch gelatinization or dietary fiber in their diets, which makes a comparison with the data presented here difficult.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Another recently published work from Do et al (2020) [ 55 ] described the effect of a wheat starch diet (WD) in comparison to a gelatinized wheat starch diet (GWD) on the fecal microbiome of mice. They found that the WD diet led to an increase in Lactobacillus , Desulfovibrio and Faecalibaculum and a decrease in the numbers of Muribaculum and Alistipes .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome

Wenderlein¹,

Böswald²,

Ulrich³

et al. 2021

Animals

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The composition of the microbiome is subject to the host’s diet. In commercial laboratory mouse diets, different physical forms of the same diets are available, containing—according to their labels—identical ingredients and nutrient compositions. However, variations in nutrient composition and starch gelatinization due to production processes and their impact on digestibility have been described. In this study, a total of 48 C57BL/J6 mice were assigned to two equal groups and were fed diets (produced with different processes—extruded vs. pelleted) for eight weeks in two biological replicates. At the end of the experiment, samples were collected from five different gastrointestinal regions, including the stomach, small intestine, cecum, large intestine, and an extracorporeal region (feces), and the microbiome was analyzed with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The replicates in both experiments differed significantly in their relative abundances of Muribaculaceae species. Furthermore, the gastrointestinal content of pellet-fed mice contained larger numbers of Lactobacillus species. These results indicate that starch gelatinization and ingredient composition significantly influence microbial makeup. In conclusion, different feed processing methods may affect fundamental digestive and metabolic processes, impacting animal experiments and biasing microbiome data.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome

Wenderlein¹,

Böswald²,

Ulrich³

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Bacteroides are salt-tolerant bacteria [ 50 ] and are associated with liver injury in human studies [ 51 , 52 ]. Animal studies also showed that the abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroides are higher in NAFLD [ 53 , 54 ]. Therefore, the increased abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroides may suggest liver damage and increased risk for NAFLD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal High-Salt Diet Induces Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis, Bile Acid Homeostasis Disbalance, and NAFLD in Weanling Mice Offspring

et al. 2021

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A perinatal high-salt (HS) diet was reported to elevate plasma triglycerides. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that a perinatal HS diet predisposed offspring to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of abnormal lipid metabolism, and the possible mechanism. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (0.5% NaCl) or HS diet (4% NaCl) during pregnancy and lactation and their offspring were sacrificed at weaning. The perinatal HS diet induced greater variation in fecal microbial beta-diversity (β-diversity) and increased bacteria abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroides. The gut microbiota dysbiosis promoted bile acid homeostasis disbalance, characterized by the accumulation of lithocholic acid (LCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) in feces. These alterations disturbed gut barrier by increasing the expression of tight junction protein (Tjp) and occludin (Ocln), and increased systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels and hepatic inflammatory cytokine secretion (TNF-α and IL-6) in the liver. The perinatal HS diet also inhibited hepatic expression of hepatic FXR signaling (CYP7A1 and FXR), thus triggering increased hepatic expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and hepatic lipid metabolism-associated genes (SREBP-1c, FAS, ACC), leading to unique characteristics of NAFLD. In conclusion, a perinatal HS diet induced NAFLD in weanling mice offspring; the possible mechanism was related to increased bacteria abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroides, increased levels of LCA and DCA in feces, and increased expressions of hepatic FXR signaling.

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“…In other species little data is available on the association between these genera and lipid metabolism, steatosis and obesity. Several studies evidence increases in Romboutsia levels with obesity related metabolic disorders in humans [39] and in mice fed high fat [40] or high starch [41] diets, although no causal link has been established between this genus and obesity related traits to date. At first glance our results are in contrast with previous ones as Romboutsia levels are higher in birds with a positive response to spontaneous steatosis stimulation compared to overfed ones, despite a lower liver weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intestinal microbial composition in Greylag geese differs with steatosis induction mode: spontaneous or induced by overfeeding

Knudsen

Arroyo²,

Even

et al. 2021

anim microbiome

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Background Relationships between microbial composition and steatosis are being extensively studied in mammals, and causal relations have been evidenced. In migratory birds the liver can transiently store lipids during pre-migratory and migratory phases, but little is known about the implications of the digestive microbiota in those mechanisms. The Landaise greylag goose (Anser anser) is a good model to study steatosis in migratory birds as it is domesticated, but is still, from a genetic point of view, close to its wild migratory ancestor. It also has a great ingestion capacity and a good predisposition for hepatic steatosis, whether spontaneous or induced by conventional overfeeding. The conventional (overfeeding) and alternative (spontaneous steatosis induction) systems differ considerably in duration and feed intake level and previous studies have shown that aptitudes to spontaneous steatosis are very variable. The present study thus aimed to address two issues: (i) evaluate whether microbial composition differs with steatosis-inducing mode; (ii) elucidate whether a digestive microbial signature could be associated with variable aptitudes to spontaneous liver steatosis. Results Performances, biochemical composition of the livers and microbiota differed considerably in response to steatosis stimulation. We namely identified the genus Romboutsia to be overrepresented in birds developing a spontaneous steatosis in comparison to those submitted to conventional overfeeding while the genera Ralstonia, Variovorax and Sphingomonas were underrepresented only in birds that did not develop a spontaneous steatosis compared to conventionally overfed ones, birds developing a spontaneous steatosis having intermediate values. Secondly, no overall differences in microbial composition were evidenced in association with variable aptitudes to spontaneous steatosis, although one OTU, belonging to the Lactobacillus genus, was overrepresented in birds having developed a spontaneous steatosis compared to those that had not. Conclusions Our study is the first to evaluate the intestinal microbial composition in association with steatosis, whether spontaneous or induced by overfeeding, in geese. Steatosis induction modes were associated with distinct digestive microbial compositions. However, unlike what can be observed in mammals, no clear microbial signature associated with spontaneous steatosis level was identified.

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The Effects of Gelatinized Wheat Starch and High Salt Diet on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Disorder

Cited by 29 publications

References 42 publications

Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome

Processing Matters in Nutrient-Matched Laboratory Diets for Mice—Microbiome

Perinatal High-Salt Diet Induces Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis, Bile Acid Homeostasis Disbalance, and NAFLD in Weanling Mice Offspring

The intestinal microbial composition in Greylag geese differs with steatosis induction mode: spontaneous or induced by overfeeding

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