The effects of fruiting and defoliation on seasonal trends in new root production on apple trees

Head, G. C.

doi:10.1080/00221589.1969.11514295

Cited by 51 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Wodzicki and Wodzicki (1973) found severe reduction in auxin eontent and eambial growth below phloem blockages in Pinus sylvestris trees. Defoliation of Malus trees drastically reduced root growth (Head 1969). These observations emphasize the dependeney of eambial growth and root growth on a continuous supply of basipetally translocated hormonal growth regulators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Some physiological and growth responses of Betula papyrifera seedlings to flooding

Zheng

Kozlowski

1982

Physiologia Plantarum

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Betula papyrifera Marsh, seedlings adapted very poorly to flooding for up to 60 days. Responses to flooding included increased ethylene production; stomatal closure; leaf senescence; drastic inhibition of shoot growth, cambial growth, and root growth; decay of roots, and death of many seedlings. Flooding inhibited growth of leaves that formed prior to flooding, inhibited formation of new leaves, and induced abscission of old leaves. As a result of extensive leaf abscission, fewer leaves were present after flooding than before flooding was initiated. The drastic reduction in leaf area was associated with greatly decreased growth of the lower stem and roots. No evidence was found of adaptive morphological changes to flooding. The data indicate that intolerance of B. papyrifera seedlings to flooding is an important barrier to regeneration of the species on sites subject to periodic inundation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Some physiological and growth responses of Betula papyrifera seedlings to flooding

Zheng

Kozlowski

1982

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…In 1985 the decline persisted for about one month, and was followed by a recovery which brought QN during the first week of Sept. to its early-July high level. The decline during July occurred at a time when the root and branch elongation rates were reported to be minimal and maximal, respectively (Head, 1969). In younger trees (1983 season), the time when the minimum in QN occurred differed among the CN treatments.…”

Section: Effect Of Root Volume and Nitrate On Apple Trees 51mentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of root volume and nitrate solution concentration on growth, fruit yield, and temporal N and water uptake rates by apple trees

et al. 1988

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Meager information is available on the specific effects of root volume (V) and N concentration in the water (CN) on uptake rates of water and N by apple trees, as related to fruit yield and tree growth. To investigate this relationship, Golden Delicious/Hashabi trees were grown for 5 years in containers of 200, 50 and 101. Trees in the 200-1 containers were irrigated with a nutrient solution containing 10.7 + 1.3, 7.1 + 1.5 or 2.5 _ 1.0 mM NO 3 . Trees in the remaining two container-volume treatments were uniformly supplied with a solution of 7.1 + 1.5 mM NO 3 . Elevated CN had no effect on the rate of water uptake, but increased the rate of N absorption by the trees from 2.4 to 4.8 g N tree-~ day-~ during July. The stimulated N uptake rate stemmed from enhanced fluxes of N uptake by the roots. CN had a negligible effect on root weight and root permeability to NO 3 and water. The elevated N uptake rate did not result in greater fruit yield and growth, or greater N content in tree organs, indicating considerable release of N from living and decaying roots to the growth medium. Reducing the container volume decreased yield, total dry matter production and N and water uptake rates, but increased root permeability to NO3 and water, and total soluble solids in fruits. The all-season average CN in the irrigation solution above which N concentration in the transpiration stream was lower than the inflowing CN was 4.2 mM NO 3.

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“…Nitrogen uptake requires energy (Marschner, 1986;Salisbury and Ross, 1985) and N influx is independent of transpiration (Schulze and Bloom, 1984). Because roots compete poorly with fruit for assimilates (Cannell, 1985;Goldschmidt and Golomb, 1982;Head, 1969;Loescher et al, 1990;Maggs, 1963;Smith, 1976), a decrease in active nutrient uptake could be anticipated in heavily cropping trees. The impact of alternate bearing on nutrient uptake by trees needs to be assessed in light of increasing public concern over the relationship between fertilization and nitrate leaching, groundwater pollution, and the efficiency of fertilizer N use (Weinbaum et al, 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

Fertilizer Nitrogen and Boron Uptake, Storage, and Allocation Vary during the Alternate-bearing Cycle in Pistachio Trees

Weinbaum¹,

Picchioni²,

Muraoka³

et al. 1994

jashs

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The effects of alternate bearing on recovery and loss of isotonically labeled fertilizer N and B and on the accumulation of carbohydrate and N reserves were assessed in mature 'Kerman' pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees. Total recovery of labeled fertilizer N applied once (in late January) was ≈ ≈ 60% greater if applied to trees entering an "off' than an "on" year, with respect to fruiting. Eleven percent more labeled B was recovered in off-than on-year trees. Five times more N (1 vs. 0.2 kg N) was lost from the tree in fruit and senescent leaflets from on-than off-year trees. In dormant trees, 144% and 22% more starch and N reserves, respectively, were present after off than on years. Thus, on-year trees were characterized by a greater reproductive demand for N and carbohydrates, reduced accumulation of C and N (i.e., storage) reserves in perennial tree parts, and reduced recovery of January-applied labeled fertilizer N than off-year trees. As B is absorbed passively, the higher transpiration that may accompany the 43% larger leaf area per tree and the probability of increased root growth probably contributes to its increased uptake during off years. The enhanced labeled N recovery in early spring by trees entering their off year preceded fruit and seed development in on-year trees. The differential tree capacity for nutrient uptake in spring may have been conditioned the previous rather than the current year. The increased uptake of labeled N by trees entering an off year (i.e., emerging from an on year) was associated with lower levels of carbohydrate and N reserves than for on-year trees that had just completed an off year. Future experimentation should assess the comparative capacity for nutrient uptake by on-and off-year trees at other stages of phenology, e.g., during seed development and postharvest.

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The effects of fruiting and defoliation on seasonal trends in new root production on apple trees

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Some physiological and growth responses of Betula papyrifera seedlings to flooding

Some physiological and growth responses of Betula papyrifera seedlings to flooding

Effect of root volume and nitrate solution concentration on growth, fruit yield, and temporal N and water uptake rates by apple trees

Fertilizer Nitrogen and Boron Uptake, Storage, and Allocation Vary during the Alternate-bearing Cycle in Pistachio Trees

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