Some physiological and growth responses of Betula papyrifera seedlings to flooding

Abstract

Betula papyrifera Marsh, seedlings adapted very poorly to flooding for up to 60 days. Responses to flooding included increased ethylene production; stomatal closure; leaf senescence; drastic inhibition of shoot growth, cambial growth, and root growth; decay of roots, and death of many seedlings. Flooding inhibited growth of leaves that formed prior to flooding, inhibited formation of new leaves, and induced abscission of old leaves. As a result of extensive leaf abscission, fewer leaves were present after flooding than before flooding was initiated. The drastic reduction in leaf area was associated with greatly decreased growth of the lower stem and roots. No evidence was found of adaptive morphological changes to flooding. The data indicate that intolerance of B. papyrifera seedlings to flooding is an important barrier to regeneration of the species on sites subject to periodic inundation.

Changes in morphological and physiological traits and stress-related enzyme activities of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes in response to waterlogging stress and recovery treatment

“…Similarly, Tang and Kozlowski (1982) found that 60 days of flooding caused inhibition of root growth, root decay, leaf senescence and death of many Betula papyrifera seedlings. Additionally, flooding negatively affected the growth of leaves that formed prior to flooding as well as the formation of new leaves and induced the abscission of old leaves.…”

Assessment of tolerances in Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. and Syzygium cumini Keels. seedlings to waterlogging

“…The phytohormone auxin is generally responsible for the formation of adventitious roots during flooding (Lambers et al 2008). Various researchers have observed a reduction in height in many species, such as Platanus occident (Tang and Kozlowski 1982) and Pterocarya stenoptera (Li et al 2010). In contrast, Yamamoto et al (1995) in Fraxinus mandshurica and Parolin et al (2001) in an Amazon floodplain tree species found that height was not severely affected by waterlogging.…”

“…Liu and Dickman (1992) observed stomatal closing after 9 d in hybrid Populus clones. Quercus macrocarpa seedlings failed to reopen stomata (Tang and Kozlowski 1982), whereas Harrington (1987) observed no stomatal closing in P. trichocarpa. In our study, the E was correlated with gs in both species (Fig.…”

Extent, Causes, and Impacts of Flooding

“…Subsequent changes include decreased permeability of roots (Kramer and Jackson, 1954); reduced mineral uptake (Greenwood, 1969;Epstein, 1972); alterations in growth-hormone balances (Reid, 1977); leaf epinasty, chlorosis, and abscission (Reid, 1977); and arrested vegetative and reproductive growth (Gill, 1970;Rowe and Beardsell, 1973). Morphological changes include hypertrophy of lenticels as well as formation of aerenchyma tissue, adventitious roots, and knee roots and pneumatophores (Sena Gomes and Kozlowski, 1980;Tang and Kozlowski, 1982;Newsome et al y 1982;Kozlowski, 1982). When flooding is severe and prolonged, plants often are killed (Whitlow and Harris, 1979;Kozlowski, 1982).…”