The effects of food consistency on maxillary growth in rats

Yamamoto, Saburo

doi:10.1093/ejo/18.6.601

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It is well known that mechanical force generated by the masticatory muscles can affect the growth pattern of the craniofacial skeleton [51]. Since the abnormal ossification of nasal cartilage was observed long after the mice were weaned and fed with regular solid food, it is possible that mechanical stress induced by mastication contributes to the replacement of cartilage by bone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The polycystic kidney disease 1 (Pkd1) gene is required for the responses of osteochondroprogenitor cells to midpalatal suture expansion in mice

Hou

Kolpakova-Hart

Fukai

et al. 2009

Bone

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Mechanical stress is known to modulate postnatal skeletal growth and development. However, the mechanisms underlying the mechanotransduction are not fully understood. Polycystin-1 (PC1) is a promising candidate among proteins that may play a role in the process as it has been shown to function as a flow sensor in renal epithelium and it is known to be important for skeletal development. To investigate whether PC1 is involved in mechanotransduction in skeletal tissues, mice with a conditional deficiency for PC1 in neural crest cells, osteoblasts or chondrocytes were subjected to midpalatal suture expansion. Dynamic bone labeling revealed that new bone formation in response to expansion was significantly reduced in Wnt1Cre;Pkd1 mice, as the suture area containing new bone was 14.0±3.4% in mutant mice versus 65.0±3.8% in control mice at 2 weeks (p<0.001). In contrast, stress-induced new bone formation was not affected in OsxCre;Pkd1 mice. The increase in cell proliferation and differentiation into osteoblasts, seen in wild-type mice 1 day after force delivery, was not observed until 14 days in Wnt1Cre;Pkd1 mice. TUNEL labeling showed a significant increase in apoptotic suture cells at days 1 and 3 (from 7.0±0.5% to 13.5±1.4% at day 1 and from 4.6±1.1% to 10.5±1.7% at day 3, p<0.05). Abnormal ossification of nasal cartilage of Wnt1Cre;Pkd1 mice was accelerated upon suture expansion. Such ossification was also observed, but to a lesser extent in Col2a1-ER*Cre;Pkd1 mice. Transcript levels of Runx2 and MMP13 were significantly increased in the nasal cartilage of Wnt1Cre;Pkd1 mice compared to controls (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively), and in mutant mice with expansion versus without expansion (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). Lack of PC1 in chondroprogenitor cells also resulted in increased cell apoptosis and an altered arrangement of chondrocytes in nasal cartilage. These results indicate that PC1 plays a critical role in the response of osteochondroprogenitor cells to the mechanical tissue stress induced by midpalatal suture expansion. They also suggest that the combination of an in vivo mechanical model, such as midpalatal suture expansion, with conditional deficiency for proteins that play a role in mechanotransduction, represents a powerful experimental strategy to explore underlying mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The polycystic kidney disease 1 (Pkd1) gene is required for the responses of osteochondroprogenitor cells to midpalatal suture expansion in mice

Hou

Kolpakova-Hart

Fukai

et al. 2009

Bone

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“…However, this assumption about jawbone and dental widths are still controversial. Some researchers demonstrated that a soft diet, which results in reduced loading of the tissue, could lead to a narrower maxillary arch (12)(13)(14) and reduced maxillary intramolar width (15), while others reported no significant influences (16,17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniofacial Development in Rats Fed on Powdered Diet Following Extraction of All Upper Molars

Abo¹,

Ogawa²,

Shimizu³

2014

Int J Oral-Med Sci

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Growth of the craniofacial bone is a complex biological phenomenon induced by highly coordinated interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to confirm whether the environmental factors, namely powdered diet and extraction of all upper molars, have an influence on the cranium and mandibular bone size, bone volume, mineral bone density, widths between left and right condyles and gonions, and intra-arch widths at the first and third molars in rat mandibles.Ten 5-week-old male Wister rats were fed on powdered diet after extraction of all upper molars (experimental group=5 rats) and pellet diet without extraction of molars (control group=5 rats) for 20 weeks. At 20 weeks of age, the animals were examined by Microcomputer tomography. The mean values of the measurements in the two groups were compared.There was no significant difference between the groups in the cranial sizes. The vertical lengths were significantly shorter in the experiment group than the control group while no significant difference was observed in the mandibular horizontal lengths and widths at the left and right condyles and gonions. The mandibular volume and bone mineral density in the experimental group were significantly lower than that of the control group. The intraarch width at the lower third molars was also significantly shorter in the experimental group than the control group.

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“…Although modern diets feature soft foods which do not require extensive mastication (Murakami et al 2007), an easily chewable diet is thought to have unfavorable effects on the craniofacial region (Hanihara et al 1981;Varrela 1992). Many experimental studies using laboratory animals have investigated these effects; influence of liquid diet has been confirmed in the craniofacial skeleton (Ito et al 1988;Yamamoto 1996) and masseter muscles (Maeda et al 1990; Kitagawa et al 2004). Parotid glands also reportedly show atrophic alterations in animals fed a liquid diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of apoptosis and proliferation of acinar cells in atrophy of rat parotid glands induced by liquid diet

et al. 2012

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Parotid glands of experimental animals fed a liquid diet are reported to show atrophy (Hall and Schneyer 1964;Wilborn and Schneyer 1970;Hand and Ho 1981;Scott et al. 1990;Scott and Gunn 1991). To clarify whether apoptosis and proliferation of acinar cells participate in atrophy of rat parotid glands induced by liquid diet, rats were fed a liquid diet and compared to pellet-fed controls. Parotid glands were removed at 3, 7, 14 or 21 days, weighed, and examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and studied immunohistochemically for cleaved-caspase-3 (Casp-3), a marker of apoptotic cells, and 5-bromo-2`-deoxyuridine (BrdU), a marker for proliferating cells. Body weights of experimental rats fed liquid diets were not significantly different from controls fed pellet diets; however weights of experimental parotid glands were smaller than those of controls. In the experimental parotid glands, structures like apoptotic bodies were histologically observed in acini at each time point; more Casp-3-positive acinar cells were identified in experimental parotid glands than in the controls on days 3, 7, and 14. Experimental glands showed fewer BrdU-positive acinar cells at each time point. TEM confirmed typical apoptotic acinar cells in the atrophic glands. These findings suggest that increased acinar cell apoptosis and reduced acinar cell proliferation occur in atrophic parotid glands of rats fed a liquid diet.

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The effects of food consistency on maxillary growth in rats

Cited by 32 publications

References 26 publications

The polycystic kidney disease 1 (Pkd1) gene is required for the responses of osteochondroprogenitor cells to midpalatal suture expansion in mice

The polycystic kidney disease 1 (Pkd1) gene is required for the responses of osteochondroprogenitor cells to midpalatal suture expansion in mice

Craniofacial Development in Rats Fed on Powdered Diet Following Extraction of All Upper Molars

Involvement of apoptosis and proliferation of acinar cells in atrophy of rat parotid glands induced by liquid diet

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