Craniofacial Development in Rats Fed on Powdered Diet Following Extraction of All Upper Molars

Abo, Norioki; Ogawa, Kei; Shimizu, Kunihiko

doi:10.5466/ijoms.12.129

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Since the condylar process height and condylar base width grew similarly between control and experimental young rats, the difference in the cross-sectional surface between the groups may be explained by a change of the condylar shape, in that it must become thinner in order to see this difference in the surface. This change of the condylar shape is in accordance with the results of previous studies, 22,31,32 that reported a smaller condylar size, bone volume, condylar thickness width, and condylar process neck width in the extraction and soft diet groups compared to the control. It could be speculated that if the young experimental rats would be left to grow until the adult age, they would have a smaller condylar average surface than the adult control animals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Many studies report similar ages when evaluating young and adult rats. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]21,22,[27][28][29]31,32 Due to the active growing phase, young rats showed statistically significantly lower values and a bigger increase of all condylar measurements, when compared to the adult rats. This is consistent with a previous report 17 that compared different masticatory functions on young, growing and mature rats, and with a study 30 that reported an increase of the length and width of rat condylar head from 2 to 7 months of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Young rats were 4 weeks old, which corresponds to the initial period of usage of the teeth, which finish erupting at 21 days, 36 while adult rats were 26 weeks old. Many studies report similar ages when evaluating young and adult rats 10–18,21,22,27–29,31,32 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mandibular condyle changes in rats with unilateral masticatory function

Carli

Lagou

Kiliaridis

et al. 2022

Orthod Craniofacial Res

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Objective: Certain malocclusions or unilateral tooth loss can lead to asymmetric functional load of the two mandibular sides during mastication and induce skeletal asymmetries to the condylar process of growing individuals. However, in adults, asymmetric function may have a different impact. The aim of the present study was to investigate three-dimensionally the effects of unilateral masticatory function on the condylar process morphology in growing and adult rats and the adaptive processes to differential condylar loading. Materials and Methods:Fifty-six growing and adult Wistar rats aged 4 and 26 weeks respectively were obtained. The maxillary right molars of the experimental animals were extracted and all animals were followed for 12 weeks. Three-dimensional images were obtained by an in-vivo microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) examination. The following measurements were studied: condylar process height, condylar base width, and condylar cross-sectional surface.Results: While no differences were found with regards to condylar process height and base width, the cross-section of the condyle on the extraction side did not increase during growth in the young rats. No such differences were found in adults. Young rats had statistically significantly shorter condylar height, base width and cross-sectional surface than the adult rats and showed significant growth of these structures during the experimental period. Conclusion:Condylar height and base width growth are not hindered by reduced occlusal function, contrary to the average cross-sectional surface, which implies that the condyle form of growing individuals becomes thinner while maintaining its length, in the absence of occlusal stimuli. The condyle of adult rats with extractions is less affected by occlusion changes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Mandibular condyle changes in rats with unilateral masticatory function

Carli

Lagou

Kiliaridis

et al. 2022

Orthod Craniofacial Res

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“…There have been many animal experiments reporting that tooth extraction and soft foods detrimentally affect the development of the facial cranium, mandibular bone, and masticatory muscles [1]- [6]. We have previously reported that raising rats with extraction of the maxillary molars and powdered feed reduces mandibular volume, bone density, mandibular height, and mandibular condyle thickness [7] [8]. However, the mandibular condyle shows particularly active growth during the postnatal growth of the mandible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of Masticatory Function Affects Growth and Development of the Mandibular Condyle in Rats

Ogawa¹,

Kiguchi²,

Yamamoto-Nemoto³

et al. 2016

OJST

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The effects of childhood masticatory function loss and soft foods on the mandibular condyle have been the subject of much research. However, the corresponding bone turnover is not fully understood. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effects of a lack of teeth and a soft food diet during the growth period on bone turnover in the mandibular condyle. We divided 3-week-old Wistar rats into the following three groups: 1) Extraction group: The maxillary molars were extracted at the age of 4 weeks, and animals were fed powdered standard feed. 2) Powder group: Animals were fed powdered standard feed without tooth extraction. 3) Control group: Animals were fed solid standard feed without tooth extraction. Non-decalcified thin-slice specimens of sagittal sections of the mandibular condyle were obtained at the age of 20 weeks for histological analysis. We used micro-CT analysis and bone histomorphometry to measure bone volume (BV), bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), bone microstructure, bone resorption, and osteogenesis in the mandibular condyle, and we compared the results among groups. In the extraction and the powder groups, we found deformation and disruption of the arrangement of chondrocytes, coagulation of chondrocytes, and duplication of the tidemark in the cartilage. We also found an increase in multinuclear osteoclasts in the cancellous bone. We found a reduction in BV, BMC, and BMD in the extraction and powder groups compared to the control group, as well as a reduction of bone volume, a lowering of osteogenesis parameters, and an increase in bone resorption parameters in the secondary cancellous bone. These results suggest that a lack of teeth and a soft food diet during the growth period cause a decline in bone microstructure, a decrease in osteogenesis, and an increase in bone resorption.

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“…These experiments showed a reduction in maxillary width, mandibular height and mandibular condyle thickness, and expansion of the size of the mandibular angle [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]. Similarly, our previous research showed masticatory hypofunction in rats, due to extraction of maxillary molars and a diet of powdered feed, was associated with reduced mandibular volume, bone density, mandibular height, and mandibular condyle thickness [7] [8]. Additionally, we indicated that reduced masticatory function led to deformation and cellular disorders in the condylar cartilage, and diminished ossification and heightened bone resorption in the secondary cancellous bone of the condylar head, resulting in slower ossification, less bone volume, and reduced trabecular thickness [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Influence of Masticatory Functional Loss on the Remodeling of Alveolar Bone in Rats

Ogawa¹,

Yamada²,

Hirai³

et al. 2020

OJST

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There is plenty of literature on masticatory function and its impact on maxillofacial development. However, the influence of masticatory hypofunction on bone turnover in the alveolar bone has hardly been studied. This study aimed to clarify the influence of tooth loss and soft diet on the alveolar bone turnover during the growth period. Three-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: Hard diet group (rats raised on solid standard diet), Powder diet group (rats raised on powdered standard feed diet), and Extraction group (rats raised on powdered standard diet with maxillary molars extraction). BV, BMC, and BMD in the cancellous bone of M1 were measured using micro-CT analysis. To analyze the histological bone turnover, we prepared non-decalcified thin sections of alveolar cancellous bone when rats were 20 weeks old. On three-dimensional constructed images, the experimental groups (the Powder diet and Extraction groups) showed expansion of the medullary cavity of the interradicular septum of the first molar compared to controls (the Hard diet group). BV, BMC, and BMD were significantly lower in the experimental groups, with the difference from controls being greater in the Extraction group. On histomorphometric analysis, the bone mass parameters, bone formation parameters, and bone mineralization parameters were significantly lower in the experimental groups compared to controls. The bone resorption parameters were significantly higher in the experimental groups. From this study, we found that soft diet and tooth loss might worsen the bone microstructure, reduce osteogenesis, and promote bone resorption in alveolar bone.

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Craniofacial Development in Rats Fed on Powdered Diet Following Extraction of All Upper Molars

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Mandibular condyle changes in rats with unilateral masticatory function

Mandibular condyle changes in rats with unilateral masticatory function

Loss of Masticatory Function Affects Growth and Development of the Mandibular Condyle in Rats

Influence of Masticatory Functional Loss on the Remodeling of Alveolar Bone in Rats

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