The effects of experience on memory and perception

Nelson, Angela B.; Shiffrin, Richard M.

doi:10.1037/e520562012-126

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“…In fact, all previous tests have used unfamiliar faces, whereas tests of the mirror effect with other stimuli suggest that familiarity may be an important dimension. Studies using meaningless stimuli, such as pseudowords (Maddox & Estes, 1997;Reder, Angstadt, Cary, Erickson, & Ayers, 2002) or Chinese characters (Nelson & Shiffrin, 2005), show an absence of a mirror effect. In contrast, high levels of familiarization were successful in producing the mirror effect for pseudowords (Reder et al, 2002) and Chinese characters (Nelson & Shiffrin, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hits and false positives in face matching: A familiarity-based dissociation

Megreya

Burton

2007

Perception & Psychophysics

135

140

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In recognition memory for unfamiliar faces, performance for target-present items (hits) does not correlate with performance for target-absent items (false positives), a result which runs counter to the more usual mirror effect. In this paper we examinesubjects' performance on fac e matching, a nd demonstrate no relationship-between performance on matching items and performance on nonmatching items. This absence of a mirror effect occurs for multidistractor, 1-in-10 matching tasks (Experiment 1) and for simple paired-item tasks (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3 we demonstrate that matching familiar faces produces a strong mirror effect. However, inverting the familiar faces causes the association to disappear once more (Experiment 4). We argue thatfamiliar and unfamiliar faces are represented in qualitatively different ways.

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