The effects of exercise and adipose tissue lipolysis on plasma adiponectin concentration and adiponectin receptor expression in human skeletal muscle

Abstract

Objective: It has been suggested that adiponectin regulates plasma free fatty acid (FFA) clearance by stimulating FFA uptake and/or oxidation in muscle. We aimed to determine changes in plasma adiponectin concentration and adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle during and after prolonged exercise under normal, fasting conditions (high FFA trial; HFA) and following pharmacological inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis (low FFA trial; LFA). Furthermore, we aimed to detect and locate adiponectin in skeletal muscle tissue. Methods: Ten subjects performed two exercise trials (120 min at 50% VO 2max ). Indirect calorimetry was used to determine total fat oxidation rate. Plasma samples were collected at rest, during exercise and during post-exercise recovery to determine adiponectin, FFA and glycerol concentrations. Muscle biopsies were taken to determine adiponectin protein and adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 mRNA expression and to localise intramyocellular adiponectin. Results: Basal plasma adiponectin concentrations averaged 6.57^0.7 and 6.63^0.8 mg/l in the HFA and LFA trials respectively, and did not change significantly during or after exercise. In the LFA trial, plasma FFA concentrations and total fat oxidation rates were substantially reduced. However, plasma adiponectin and muscle adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 mRNA expression did not differ between trials. Immunohistochemical staining of muscle cross-sections showed the presence of adiponectin in the sarcolemma of individual muscle fibres and within the interfibrillar arterioles.

The effects of acute exercise on serum adiponectin and resistin levels and their relation to insulin sensitivity in overweight males

“…Similarly, Kraemer et al (2003) indicated that there was no significant increase in adiponectin levels in young healthy males following a heavy continuous or intermittent running exercise. Finally, Punyadeera et al (2005) reported no significant changes in adiponectin levels during exercise or recovery in healthy normalweight individuals.…”

“…Research on the effects of acute exercise on adiponectin levels has produced conflicting results. There are studies which have reported no effect of acute exercise on adiponectin levels in healthy, normal weight individuals (Ferguson et al 2004;Kraemer et al 2003;Punyadeera et al 2005). On the other hand, Jurimae et al (2005) reported a significant decrease immediately following exercise and significant increase 30 min post-exercise in healthy normal weight individuals, whereas Kriketos et al (2004) reported that very short exercise training (approximately 1 week) resulted in increased levels of adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in obese individuals without a concomitant body weight loss.…”

Adiponectin response to supervised aerobic training in type II diabetic patients

“…Some of those studies found that the adiponectin level in blood is not affected by acute exercise in healthy, normal weight subjects [15][16][17]. By contrast, adiponectin levels were found significantly decreased immediately after exercise and increased 30 min after exercise in other healthy subjects with normal weight [18].…”

Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ

“…In most studies, one single exercise could not show acute influence on the plasma adiponectin level, no matter the duration of exercise or whether the subjects are healthy or obese [84,[86][87][88][89]. However, an article published in 2010 reported that both high and low intensity anaerobic exercise could elevate blood adiponectin level in obese men [90], which is similar to the result of another report in 2006 using healthy men with anaerobic exercise [91].…”