The Effects of Estradiol on Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in the Developing Mouse Brain

Grober, Matthew S.; Winterstein, Greg M.; Ghazanfar, Asif A.; Eroschenko, Victor P.

doi:10.1006/gcen.1998.7134

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…7; P < 0.05 by Student's ttest) than males. This particular sexual dimorphism has been reported in mice (20) and may have contributed to the sex difference in GnRH neuron reduction observed here. These results were also consistent with our observation that the reduction in hypothalamic GnRH concentrations was more pronounced in transgenic males than females (see Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Targeted Expression of a Dominant-Negative Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Receptor in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neurons Reduces FGF Responsiveness and the Size of GnRH Neuronal Population

Tsai

Moenter

Postigo

et al. 2005

Molecular Endocrinology

100

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Increasing evidence suggests that fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are neurotrophic in GnRH neurons. However, the extent to which FGFs are involved in establishing a functional GnRH system in the whole organism has not been investigated. In this study, transgenic mice with the expression of a dominant-negative FGF receptor mutant (FGFRm) targeted to GnRH neurons were generated to examine the consequence of disrupted FGF signaling on the formation of the GnRH system. To first test the effectiveness of this strategy, GT1 cells, a GnRH neuronal cell line, were stably transfected with FGFRm. The transfected cells showed attenuated neurite outgrowth, diminished FGF-2 responsiveness in a cell survival assay, and blunted activation of the signaling pathway in response to FGF-2. Transgenic mice expressing FGFRm in a GnRH neuron-specific manner exhibited a 30% reduction in GnRH neuron number, but the anatomical distribution of GnRH neurons was unaltered. Although these mice were initially fertile, they displayed several reproductive defects, including delayed puberty, reduced litter size, and early reproductive senescence. Overall, our results are the first to show, at the level of the organism, that FGFs are one of the important components involved in the formation and maintenance of the GnRH system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Targeted Expression of a Dominant-Negative Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Receptor in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neurons Reduces FGF Responsiveness and the Size of GnRH Neuronal Population

Tsai

Moenter

Postigo

et al. 2005

Molecular Endocrinology

100

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“…In fact, a significant reduction in testis weight was evident at birth (e21.5), which might indicate an oestrogenic effect (Bartholomeusz et al 1999) (Figure 4.17). Also, altered development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis might have been affected due to TP administration, resulting in permanent changes to LH secretion and/or negative feedback control (Grober et al 1998, Micevych et al 2010. Bearing these factors in mind, it seemed apparent that the best way to investigate if increased ITT levels could increase adult Leydig progenitor cell numbers is via specifically elevating ITT and not altering peripheral levels greatly.…”

Section: Effect Of Exogenous Testosterone Propionate Exposure On Adul...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life programming of adult Leydig cell function

Kilcoyne¹,

Smith²,

Jobling³

et al. 2014

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My most sincere gratitude is extended to my supervisor, Richard Sharpe, who not only imparted his wisdom of Science, but also his inspiring enthusiasm at each stage of my PhD. I could not have asked for a more patient, supportive and caring supervisor. You always said Friday was the 'day for results' and that certainly rang true on several Fridays, be it good or bad. Regardless of the outcome, you were always there to listen, advise and discuss.A big thank you to my second supervisor, Lee Smith, for his thought-provoking and helpful input throughout my PhD and for the critical assessment of this thesis.Thank you to the Sharpe group, both present and past members, in particular Marion Walker, Chris McKinnell, Sheila Macpherson, Sander van den Driesche, Afshan Dean, Tom Chambers and Rod Mitchell. Thank you especially to Chris and Sheila for their invaluable help, to Tom for his assistance with ChIP, and to Laura O'Hara for the use of her mouse model. Thank you all for teaching me essential lab techniques, and answering all of my questions, without which, this thesis would never have existed.A big thank you to those who started out as work colleagues, but have now become close friends. To Fiona, from learning about Spirogyra many moons ago to the present! To Lorraine, for the numerous fun-filled nights out and for her daily phone calls to keep me going! To Afshan, for always organising a well needed night out! To my 'office buddies', Doug and Fiona, for always having time to assist with anything I ever needed. Thank you for lending an ear and making me laugh; be it over a coffee or a few beers.Thank you to the girls back home, for always checking in on me and making sure there was always a weekend planned to look forward to, especially Caitriona, Sile, Helena, Edwenia, Therese, and Rebecca. I cannot thank Andrew enough for his unwavering support, patience and motivation. Thank you for never once doubting my capability, even at those times when I did. And of course, for casting an analytical eye over this thesis at the end. Thank you for being there for me. Oh and I know it's my turn to cook... Finally and most importantly, thank you to my family; Mam, Dad, Lorna, Cora, AG, John and the new arrivals! Thank you for your support and encouragement every single day, so that home never felt too far away. "Furthermore" thank you to Cora for taking the time to read over this thesis! Thank you to my parents for providing me with everything I have ever needed; support, love and laughter. Without you, none of this would have been possible. Sin é, Buíochas le Dia.

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“…Since the endocrine mechanism in the fetuses is similar to that of the adults (Nathanielsz, 1976), the alcohol consumed during pregnancy and during pregnancy and lactation could have disrupted the neuroendocrine functions of the fetuses by its action on hypothalamus sequel to destruction of brain structure and function (Clarren et al, 1985). This action on the hypothalamus could lead to disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal axis as suggested by Onu and Ezeasor, (2001) which plays significant role in reproduction (Grober et al, 1998). The hormone from this axis plays a critical role in the growth and activity of the reproductive system (Fugii, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…which plays a critical role in control of reproduction (Grober et al, 1998) could be disrupted. The hormone from this axis plays a critical role in stimulating the growth and activity of the reproductive system (Fugii, 1976).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%