The effects of electrical stimulation of the peripheral vestibular system on neurochemical release in the rat striatum

Stiles, Lucy; Zheng, Yiwen; Smith, Paul F.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205869

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Stiles et al (59) have also recently reported that c-Fos expression, as a marker of cellular activation, and the firing rate of a circumscribed number of single striatal neurons, can be altered by electrical stimulation of the vestibular labyrinth in the anesthetized rat (see Figures 2–4). In related studies, they also demonstrated that such electrical stimulation can modulate the release of serine, threonine and taurine, as well altering DA metabolism (60).…”

Section: Neural Circuitry Underlying Effects Of Vestibular Stimulatiomentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It does appear that field potential changes are easier to record in the striatum in response to electrical stimulation of the peripheral vestibular system, at least in anesthetized rats (46, 59). Nonetheless, taken together with neurotracer studies [e.g., (61)] and other evidence from microdialysis studies (60), there is evidence for connections between the vestibular nucleus complex and cerebellum and the striatum. Certainly, more studies are needed to elucidate these connections, using selective electrical stimulation of the vestibular labyrinth and both neuronal recording and neurotransmitter microdialysis in the striatum (100, 101).…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that nGVS improved locomotor activity, measured by performance on a rotarod, and enhanced GABA release in the substantia nigra; however, DA release in the striatum was not significantly affected. The only other study to use microdialysis following high frequency stimulation of the vestibular labyrinth in rats, i.e., not GVS or nGVS, showed no significant effect on DA release in the striatum; however, there was evidence of a significant reduction in DA metabolism, as demonstrated by a reduced ratio between 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and DA (60).…”

Section: Neural Circuitry Underlying Effects Of Vestibular Stimulatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vestibular Functions and Parkinson's Disease

Smith

2018

Front. Neurol.

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For decades it has been speculated that Parkinson's Disease (PD) is associated with dysfunction of the vestibular system, especially given that postural instability is one of the major symptoms of the disorder. Nonetheless, clear evidence of such a connection has been slow to emerge. There are still relatively few studies of the vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VORs) in PD. However, substantial evidence of vestibulo-spinal reflex deficits, in the form of abnormal vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs), now exists. The evidence for abnormalities in the subjective visual vertical is less consistent. However, some studies suggest that the integration of visual and vestibular information may be abnormal in PD. In the last few years, a number of studies have been published which demonstrate that the neuropathology associated with PD, such as Lewy bodies, is present in the central vestibular system. Increasingly, stochastic or noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) is being investigated as a potential treatment for PD, and a number of studies have presented evidence in support of this idea. The aim of this review is to summarize and critically evaluate the human and animal evidence relating to the connection between the vestibular system and PD.

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Section: Neural Circuitry Underlying Effects Of Vestibular Stimulatiomentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Conclusion and Future Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neural Circuitry Underlying Effects Of Vestibular Stimulatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vestibular Functions and Parkinson's Disease

Smith

2018

Front. Neurol.

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“…Although the largest inputs to the striatum are from the cortex, recent studies have elucidated the subcortical pathways critical for interpreting and responding to environmental stimuli ( 66 , 67 ). Electrophysiological studies in animal models and neuroimaging studies in humans have shown that vestibular stimulation activates the head of the caudate nucleus and putamen ( 16 – 19 , 62 , 68 , 69 ), likely through the parafascicular thalamic nucleus (PFN) ( 64 , 70 ). In addition, it has been recently proposed that the striatal tail may play a role as a multisensory integration center ( 71 ), and thus it is possible that there are vestibular inputs to this region as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency-Specific Effects of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Response-Time Performance in Parkinson's Disease

et al. 2021

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Background: Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is being increasingly explored as a non-invasive brain stimulation technique to treat symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, behavioral GVS effects in PD have been explored with only two stimulus types, direct current and random noise (RN). The interaction between GVS effects and anti-parkinsonian medication is unknown. In the present study, we designed multisine (ms) stimuli and investigated the effects of ms and RN GVS on motor response time. In comparison to the RN stimulus, the ms stimuli contained sinusoidal components only at a set of desired frequencies and the phases were optimized to improve participants' comfort. We hypothesized GVS motor effects were a function of stimulation frequency, and specifically, that band-limited ms-GVS would result in better motor performance than conventionally used broadband RN-GVS.Materials and Methods: Eighteen PD patients (PDMOFF/PDMON: off-/on-levodopa medication) and 20 healthy controls (HC) performed a simple reaction time task while receiving sub-threshold GVS. Each participant underwent nine stimulation conditions: off-stimulation, RN (4–200 Hz), ms-θ (4–8 Hz), ms-α (8–13 Hz), ms-β (13–30 Hz), ms-γ (30–50 Hz), ms-h1 (50–100 Hz), ms-h2 (100–150 Hz), and ms-h3 (150–200 Hz).Results: The ms-γ resulted in shorter response time (RPT) in both PDMOFF and HC groups compared with the RN. In addition, the RPT of the PDMOFF group decreased during the ms-β while the RPT of the HC group decreased during the ms-α, ms-h1, ms-h2, and ms-h3. There was considerable inter-subject variability in the optimum stimulus type, although the frequency range tended to fall within 8–100 Hz. Levodopa medication significantly reduced the baseline RPT of the PD patients. In contrast to the off-medication state, GVS did not significantly change RPT of the PD patients in the on-medication state.Conclusions: Using band-limited ms-GVS, we demonstrated that the GVS frequency for the best RPT varied considerably across participants and was >30 Hz for half of the PDMOFF patients. Moreover, dopaminergic medication was found to influence GVS effects in PD patients. Our results indicate the common “one-size-fits-all” RN approach is suboptimal for PD, and therefore personalized stimuli aiming to address this variability is warranted to improve GVS effects.

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“…In the case of time-varying CVS, transcranial Doppler sonography of the basilar artery shows a significant increase in cerebral blood flow velocity that is consistent with modulation of brainstem centers [26]. In the case of GVS, there are changes in EEG power spectra and P300 morphology [19,[27][28][29] and in rats, there are reports of hippocampal cell proliferation [30] striatal reductions in c-FOS expression, and serine and threonine release [31,32].…”

Section: Article Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caloric and galvanic vestibular stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease: rationale and prospects

Wilkinson

2021

Expert Review of Medical Devices

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Introduction: Deeply embedded within the inner ear, the sensory organs of the vestibular system are exquisitely sensitive to the orientation and movement of the head. This information constrains aspects of autonomic reflex control as well as higher-level processes involved in cognition and affect. The anatomical pathways that underline these functional interactions project to many cortical and subcortical brain areas, and the question arises as to whether they can be therapeutically harnessed. Areas covered: The body of work reviewed here indicates that the controlled application of galvanic or thermal current to the vestibular end-organs can modulate activity throughout the ascending vestibular network and, under appropriate conditions, reduce motor and non-motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease, a disease of growing prevalence and continued unmet clinical need. Expert opinion: The appeal of vestibular stimulation in Parkinson's disease is underpinned by its noninvasive nature, favorable safety profile, and capacity for home-based administration. Clinical adoption now rests on the demonstration of cost-effectiveness and on the commercial availability of suitable devices, many of which are only permitted for research use or lack functionality. Dose optimization and mechanisms-of-action studies are also needed, along with a broader awareness amongst physicians of its therapeutic potential.

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The effects of electrical stimulation of the peripheral vestibular system on neurochemical release in the rat striatum

Cited by 14 publications

References 58 publications

Vestibular Functions and Parkinson's Disease

Vestibular Functions and Parkinson's Disease

Frequency-Specific Effects of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Response-Time Performance in Parkinson's Disease

Caloric and galvanic vestibular stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease: rationale and prospects

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