The effects of e-beam irradiation induced cross linking on the friction and wear of polyamide 66 in sliding contact

Feulner, R.; Brocka, Z.; Seefried, Andreas; Kobes, M. O.; Hülder, Gerrit; Osswald, Tim A.

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2009.12.025

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Finally, several more studies focus on the influence of radiation cross-linking on polyamides (PA) [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], although they offer only low amounts of systematic and complex information on this topic. Hence, it is quite difficult to determine relevant correlations between ionized beta radiation and changes in the morphology with subsequent modifications to the mechanical properties’ profile required for the industrial applications of polyamides cross-linked by radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamide Surface Layer Nano-Indentation and Thermal Properties Modified by Irradiation

et al. 2020

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This study describes the effect of electron radiation on the nano-mechanical properties of surface layers of selected polyamide (PA) types. Electron radiation initiates the cross-linking of macromolecules in the polyamide structure, leading to the creation of a 3D network which fundamentally changes the properties of the tested polymers. Selected types of polyamide (PA 6, PA 66 and PA 9T) were exposed to various intensities of electron radiation (33 kGy, 66 kGy, 99 kGy, 132 kGy, 165 kGy and 198 kGy). The cross-linked polyamides’ surface properties were measured by means of the modern nano-indentation technique (Depth Sensing Indentation; DSI), which operates on the principle of the immediate detection of indenter penetration depth in dependence on the applied load. The evaluation was preformed using the Oliver–Pharr method. The effect of electron radiation on the tested polyamides manifested itself in the creation of a 3D network, which led to an increase of surface layer properties, such as indentation hardness, elastic modulus, creep and temperature resistance, by up to 93%. The increase of temperature and mechanical properties substantially broadens the field of application of these materials in technical practice, especially when higher temperature resistance is required. The positive changes to the nano-mechanical properties as well as mechanical and temperature capabilities instigated by the cross-linking process were confirmed by the gel volume test. These measurements lay the foundation for a detailed study of this topic, as well as for a more effective means of modifying chosen properties of technical polyamide products by radiation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamide Surface Layer Nano-Indentation and Thermal Properties Modified by Irradiation

et al. 2020

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“…Crosslinking influences the processing characteristics in terms of vibration welding in two ways. First, the friction and wear behavior are influenced by high‐energy radiation . A change in the friction results in a change in the energy input during the vibration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐crosslinking behavior of radiation crosslinked polyamide 66 during vibration welding

Leisen

Seefried

Drummer

2016

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Vibration welding of radiation crosslinked polyamide 66 leads to a different relationship between process, structure, and properties. The radiation‐induced altered material properties result in an impeded squeeze flow and higher temperatures in the weld. It is possible to achieve weld strengths up the value of the base material. General theories cannot completely explain the adhesion for these crosslinked polymers. A possible explanation could be an additional temperature‐dependent adhesion mechanism. The high temperatures during vibration welding could affect the degree of crosslinking and lead to a post‐irradiation crosslinking of the polyamide. These additional links across the joining zone may be an additional adhesion mechanism and could explain the high weld strength of crosslinked polymers. The scope of this paper is to investigate the influence on the degree of crosslinking from material and welding parameters and to correlate these results with temperatures and weld strengths generated in a vibration welding process. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:735–742, 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…[1] Extensive work has been carried out so far in the field of gamma-radiation of polyamide materials and their properties. [2] The crystallinity and structural changes resulting from gamma-irradiation were explored by Lihua Zhang et al using wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), electron spin resonance (ESR) and DSC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Radiation Crosslinking of a Bio-based Polyamide�I: Characterization by X-ray Diffraction

Zhang¹,

Jia²,

Shao³

2015

Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

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Abstract. Biomass is a feasible substitute for petrochemicals, providing many of the same chemical building blocks that are required to fabricate durable and high-performance materials. In this paper, the radiation crosslinking of a bio-based polyamide has been investigated over a range of irradiation dose (50-250 kGy) with limited air. The crystallinity variations were studied using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The presence of both α and γ phase was seen in all the polyamide fibers at room temperature. Generally, the irradiated BDIS fibers had lower crystallinity levels than that in the unirradiated one (F0) except for the fibers irradiated at the dose of 200kGy (F200). F200 possessed the maximum crystallinity. In addition, gel content of the irradiated fibers was measured. It was concluded that the relation between sol fraction and radiation dose followed the Charlesby-Pinner equation, the ratio of degradation to crosslinking (p 0 /q 0 ) decreased with the increase of molecular weight.

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The effects of e-beam irradiation induced cross linking on the friction and wear of polyamide 66 in sliding contact

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Polyamide Surface Layer Nano-Indentation and Thermal Properties Modified by Irradiation

Polyamide Surface Layer Nano-Indentation and Thermal Properties Modified by Irradiation

Post‐crosslinking behavior of radiation crosslinked polyamide 66 during vibration welding

Study on Radiation Crosslinking of a Bio-based Polyamide�I: Characterization by X-ray Diffraction

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