Post‐crosslinking behavior of radiation crosslinked polyamide 66 during vibration welding

Leisen, Christoph; Seefried, Andreas; Drummer, Dietmar

doi:10.1002/pen.24300

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…This behavior led to a decline in the effective amplitude throughout the joining process. This resulted in a decrease in the energy input and thereby a decrease in the weld temperature over time . The difference in the weld temperature between the two mold temperatures could also be related to the residual stiffness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The radiation-induced changes in the properties of the material influence the vibration welding process and resulting weld strength. In previous investigations it was shown that the three dimensional covalent network influences the process-structural properties of vibration welded polyamide 66 [6][7][8]. For semicrystalline polymers Makuuchi showed that the building of this network of covalent bonds only takes place in the amorphous region of the material [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of the mold temperature on the material properties and the vibration welding process of crosslinked polyamide 66

Leisen

Wolf

Drummer

2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Radiation crosslinking of polyamide 66 with electron beams alters the material characteristics. This leads to a varied relationship between the process, the structure, and properties for vibration welding crosslinked polyamide 66. A three‐dimensional network of covalent bonds in the amorphous areas results in an impeded melt flow and altered welding characteristics. A possible way to influence this three‐dimensional network is to change the mold temperature during the injection molding process. At higher mold temperatures, the degree of crystallinity increases and leads to a decrease in the resulting covalent bonds in the amorphous area. The altered degree of covalent bonds influences the vibration welding process. Higher temperatures during the process can be achieved. The scope of this article is to show how the mold temperature influences the material characteristics and, by extension, the resulting processing and welding characteristics of radiation crosslinked polyamide 66. Optical, thermal, mechanical and chemical investigations serve to highlight the influence of the mold temperature on the material and the welding process of radiation crosslinked polyamide 66. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:E207–E214, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the mold temperature on the material properties and the vibration welding process of crosslinked polyamide 66

Leisen

Wolf

Drummer

2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…Radiation induced crosslinking has numerous advantages. This is because the main thermoplastics material’s properties can be improved after modified by radiation induced crosslinking as showed in Table 3 [ 181 , 182 ].…”

Section: Radiation Of Cross-linked Thermoplasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-MID Technology for Surface Modification of Polymer-Based Composites: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2020

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The three-dimensional molded interconnected device (3D-MID) has received considerable attention because of the growing demand for greater functionality and miniaturization of electronic parts. Polymer based composite are the primary choice to be used as substrate. These materials enable flexibility in production from macro to micro-MID products, high fracture toughness when subjected to mechanical loading, and they are lightweight. This survey proposes a detailed review of different types of 3D-MID modules, also presents the requirement criteria for manufacture a polymer substrate and the main surface modification techniques used to enhance the polymer substrate. The findings presented here allow to fundamentally understand the concept of 3D-MID, which can be used to manufacture a novel polymer composite substrate.

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confidence: 99%

“…Previous investigations into vibration welding of radiation cross-linked polyamide 66 have shown that cross-linking with its changed material properties leads to a varied relationship amongst the process, structure, and properties for vibration welding cross-linked polyamides [7,14]. Especially processing time and temperature influence the material characteristics of cross-linked polyamide [14]. It was shown that during vibration welding the energy input and the resulting weld temperature in the weld zone differs between the selected material and process settings and exhibits an inconsistency with the time [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Infrared welding of cross-linkable polyamide 66

Leisen¹,

Drummer²

2016

Express Polym. Lett.

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Introduction 1.Radiation cross-linking of polyamide 66Radiation cross-linking is a well-known and established technique for enhancing the properties of thermoplastic polymers. Typical radiation sources are gamma rays, electron beams and X-rays [1]. The radiation induced cross-links between the macromolecules lead to improved physical properties and allow a wide range of industrial applications like for example pipes and tubes, hip joint pans, foams, shrinking-fit products or automotive applications [1][2][3]. In 1952, Charlesby described the influence of radiation on the properties of polyethylene for the first time [4,5]. Subsequent investigations extended the knowledge about radiation cross-linking and the possible material range [6]. The process of cross-linking can be divided into two main reactions. High-energy radiation transfers energy to the atoms and results in an ionization or excitation of the atoms during the primary reaction [1,2]. Further reactions lead to the formation of radicals. These radicals enable cross-linking of the polymer in its amorphous region in a secondary reaction [1,2]. Aside from the formation of covalent bonds, degradation, chain scission and oxidation can occur, possibly causing the material properties to deteriorate [1]. The resulting three dimensional covalent networks between the macromolecules results in an increase in the short-term temperature resistance and a rubbery-elastic behavior above the crystallite melting temperature, Figure 1 [ 7,8]. These covalent bonds also influence the melting and crystallization behavior towards lower temperatures [1,3,8,9]. Aside from polyethylene, other polymers, such as polyamide, can be cross-linked by high energy radiation [6]. In order to attain economical radiation exposure rates, cross-linking agents are needed. These polyfunctional monomers, e.g. triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC), allow a cross-linking at lower and economical radiation Abstract. Radiation cross-linking of polyamide 66 with electron beams alters the material's characteristics. This leads to a varied relationship amongst the process, structure, and properties for infrared welding cross-linked polyamide 66. A threedimensional network of covalent bonds results in an impeded melt flow and altered welding characteristics. Compared to non-cross linked polyamide, a changed energy input in the weld during infrared heating and a reduced meltdown can be observed. Such thermal developments and a reduced meltdown affect the resulting weld strengths. Welding factors of almost 60% of base material strengths can be achieved. A clear influence of the heating time on the weld strength can be observed. The scope of this article is to investigate the influence of radiation cross-linking on the material characteristics and, by extension, the resulting processing and welding characteristics. Mechanical and optical investigations serve to highlight the influence of radiation cross-linking on the infrared welding process of polyamide 66.

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Post‐crosslinking behavior of radiation crosslinked polyamide 66 during vibration welding

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Influence of the mold temperature on the material properties and the vibration welding process of crosslinked polyamide 66

Influence of the mold temperature on the material properties and the vibration welding process of crosslinked polyamide 66

3D-MID Technology for Surface Modification of Polymer-Based Composites: A Comprehensive Review

Infrared welding of cross-linkable polyamide 66

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