The Effects of Drugs on Decision-Making

Lubit, Roy; Russett, Bruce

doi:10.1177/0022002784028001005

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The specific role that caffeine may play in facilitating aggressive and violent behavior has been previously explored in humans and in animals (Peters, 1967;Cherek, Steinberg, & Brauchi, 1983;Istvan & Matarazzo, 1984;Lubit & Russett, 1984;Carmel, 1991). Yet, a substantial gap exists between past and current research efforts, and the cumulative body of research indicates a need to further investigate this connection given substantial recent increases in caffeine availability and consumption.…”

Section: Exploring Pathways Between Caffeine Consumption and Aggression Or Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence regarding the direct impact of acute caffeine consumption on cognitive dysfunctions is scant. Most research in this area connects caffeine, particularly during withdrawal, to various psychological states including anxiety, depression, and aggression (Lubit & Russett, 1984;Wilson et al, 2000;Rogers, 2007), but does not investigate the underlying processes leading to these conditions. However, Majithia (2009) suggests that caffeine withdrawal facilitates a depletion of serotonin, which is often implicated in substance abuse research as a causal factor related to aggression.…”

Section: Effects Of Using Caffeine and Alcohol Togethermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining and Understanding the Joint Role of Caffeine and Alcohol in Facilitating Violent Offending and Victimization

Kuhns¹,

Clodfelter²,

Bersot³

2010

Contemporary Drug Problems

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The study draws attention to the importance of considering and controlling for caffeine and the interactive effects between caffeine and alcohol when investigating aggressive and violent behavior. Various pathways between caffeine and alcohol consumption and aggression and violence are examined. Given recent changes in preferences and availability of caffeine and energy drinks among licit and illicit substance users, this study argues for the importance of focusing research attention on the role of caffeine, particularly when combined with alcohol, in facilitating violent outcomes. Evidence suggests that both caffeine and alcohol are linked to aggression and violence and that both substances should be considered within the context of our efforts to manage the negative consequences of drugs. Caffeine, via energy drink consumption, may contribute to violent offending and victimization in a variety of ways. Evidence suggests that caffeine/energy drink consumption is popular among a subculture of toxic jock users, may motivate and facilitate increased alcohol consumption particularly in late night-time economies, and can potentially contribute to disrupted decision-making. Recent increases in caffeinated-product availability, marketing, and consumption necessitate focused research and policy attention. Many of these products are consumed with alcohol and/or in late evening settings by individuals that are already at increased risk for violent offending and victimization.

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Section: Exploring Pathways Between Caffeine Consumption and Aggression Or Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Using Caffeine and Alcohol Togethermentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining and Understanding the Joint Role of Caffeine and Alcohol in Facilitating Violent Offending and Victimization

Kuhns¹,

Clodfelter²,

Bersot³

2010

Contemporary Drug Problems

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“…Analogous to the legal definition of drink driving, however, drink walking is defined herein, as it has been elsewhere (e.g., Lang et al, 2003) as walking in public with a BAC above 0.05mg/ml. Thus, from the outset it is to be noted that, while it has been long acknowledged that increasing BAC is associated with increased risk taking (Cohen, Dearnaley, and Hansel, 1958;Lubit and Russett, 1984) and, also, that drink walking with high BAC levels (e.g.,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of conformity and group identity on drink walking intentions: Comparing intentions to drink walk across risky pedestrian crossing scenarios

McGhie

Lewis

Hyde

2012

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Despite the dangers associated with drink walking, limited research is currently available regarding the factors which influence individuals to engage in this risky behaviour. This study examined the influence of psychosocial factors upon individuals' intentions to drink walk across four experimental scenarios (and a control condition). Specifically, a 2×2 repeated measures design was utilised in which all of the scenarios incorporated a risky pedestrian crossing situation (i.e., a pedestrian crossing against a red man signal) but differed according to the level of group identity (i.e., low/strangers and high/friends) and conformity (low and high). Individuals were assessed for their intentions to drink walk within each of these different scenarios. Undergraduate students (N=151), aged 17-30 years, completed a questionnaire. Overall, most of the study's hypotheses were supported with individuals reporting the highest intentions to drink walk when in the presence of friends (i.e., high group identity) and their friends were said to be also crossing against the red man signal (i.e., high conformity). The findings may have significant implications for the design of countermeasures to reduce drink walking. For instance, the current findings would suggest that potentially effective strategies may be to promote resilience to peer influence as well as highlight the negative consequences associated with following the behaviour of other intoxicated pedestrians who are crossing against a red signal.

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“…However, Abbey et al conclude that some men may purposely get drunk when they want to act sexually aggressive, knowing that intoxication will provide them with an excuse for their socially inappropriate behavior. This is because alcohol increases risk taking and recklessness (Lubit & Russett, 1984). Lubit and Russett (1984) reported that although cannabis provides a pleasant experience, it can lead to anxiety, depression, impaired memory, confusion, difficulty in concentrating, impaired cognition and judgment, delusions 1 and auditory hallucination.…”

Section: Individual Motivations In Rapementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because alcohol increases risk taking and recklessness (Lubit & Russett, 1984). Lubit and Russett (1984) reported that although cannabis provides a pleasant experience, it can lead to anxiety, depression, impaired memory, confusion, difficulty in concentrating, impaired cognition and judgment, delusions 1 and auditory hallucination. 2 In addition, the two noted that higher doses may result in depersonalization 3 and altered time sense.…”

Section: Individual Motivations In Rapementioning

confidence: 99%

An Interplay of Individual Motivations and Sociocultural Factors Predisposing Men to Acts of Rape in Kenya

Muchoki

Wandibba²

2009

International Journal of Sexual Health

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There is a general public perception in Kenya that rapists are "sick" people who deserve to be put far away from the society. Consequently, rape perpetrators are left to be dealt with by the criminal justice system while most of the research has focused on the rape survivors without taking into consideration the need to explore and understand the motivations and sociocultural factors that could predispose men to rape. This paper examines this form of "deviant" sexuality characteristic of some men. The paper is based on findings of a study conducted in three main prisons in Kenya between January and March 2008. The study sample was drawn from the Kamiti, Naivasha, and Nyeri main prisons. Respondents were convicted rapists serving their jail terms. The findings suggest that a number of factors may predispose a man to rape. These factors could be either individual motivational factors, sociocultural factors, or a combination of both. The individual motivational factors identified included drug consumption, marital problems as an excuse for rape, inability to negotiate for consensual sex due to being shy or afraid of women, rape as a form of sexual access, psychological factors like pornographic influence and rape hallucinations, impersonal sex and power, and use of rape as a "tool" for punishment. On the other hand, the sociocultural factors identified included the view of rape as a sexual act rather than an act of violence, social attitude that the woman "invited" the rape, early childhood environment, cultural practices, peer influence, and a lack of parental advice on sexual activities.

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The Effects of Drugs on Decision-Making

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Examining and Understanding the Joint Role of Caffeine and Alcohol in Facilitating Violent Offending and Victimization

Examining and Understanding the Joint Role of Caffeine and Alcohol in Facilitating Violent Offending and Victimization

The influence of conformity and group identity on drink walking intentions: Comparing intentions to drink walk across risky pedestrian crossing scenarios

An Interplay of Individual Motivations and Sociocultural Factors Predisposing Men to Acts of Rape in Kenya

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