The effects of different orthodontic appliances upon microbial communities

Ireland, Anthony J; Soro, Valeria; Sprague, Susan V.; Harradine, Nigel; Day, Christian; Al-Anezi, Saud A.; Jenkinson, Howard F.; Sherriff, Martyn; Dymock, David; Sandy, Jonathan R

doi:10.1111/ocr.12037

Cited by 51 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…In 37 of the 52 articles presented with moderate methodological quality [9–21,24–26,28,29,31–33,35–39,41–46,51–53,56,57], the major concern was the absence of repeatability tests. One article had a high quality [40] and the remaining 13 papers were classified as having a low quality [3,4,22,23,27,30,34,47–50,54,55].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eigh studies analyzed self-ligating braces (SLB) [9,14,24,37–40,54]. Two studies [14,40] revealed no differences for BOP and PI between SLB and CB, while Nalçac et al and Uzuner et al [54] demonstrated a worsening in SLB.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies [14,40] revealed no differences for BOP and PI between SLB and CB, while Nalçac et al and Uzuner et al [54] demonstrated a worsening in SLB. Two studies considered the use of SLB with or without elastomeric rings, observing an increase in gram-concentration [24,38]. One other study [14] showed an increase of S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oral microbiota alterations registered in orthodontic patients appear to be consistent with the modifications occurring in patients with poor oral hygiene presenting gingivitis and/or periodontal diseases. In addition, orthodontic devices could represent a direct risk factor for periodontal diseases as they are often related to an increase in periodontopathogenic species [24,34,43,44,48]. However, it seems reasonable to state that the susceptibility of each subject, as well as other factors that may alter the biofilm balance, may play a key role in determining the entity of periodontal sequelae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in oral microbiota due to orthodontic appliances: a systematic review

Lucchese

Bondemark

Marcolina

et al. 2018

Journal of Oral Microbiology

131

115

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Background: Oral microbiota has been at the center of cultural attention in recent years. In daily clinical practice, orthodontic appliances may be associated with an increased cariogenic risk and a worsening of preexisting periodontal diseases.Objective: The purpose of this review is to investigate the available evidence regarding the association between orthodontic appliances and changes in the quality and quantity of the oral microbiota.Design: The research included every article published up to October 2017 featuring the keywords ‘Orthodontic appliance* AND (microbiological colonization OR periodontal pathogen* OR Streptococcus mutans OR Lactobacillus spp. OR Candida OR Tannerella forsythia OR Treponema denticola OR Fusobacterium nucleatum OR Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans OR Prevotella intermedia OR Prevotella nigrescens OR Porphyromonas gingivalis)’ and was conducted in the major medical databases. The methodological quality of selected papers was scored using the ‘Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care Criteria for Grading Assessed Studies’ (SBU) method.Results: Orthodontic appliances influence the oral microbiota with an increase in the counts of S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. and in the percentage of potentially pathogenic gram-negative bacteria.Conclusions: There is moderate/high evidence regarding the association between orthodontic appliances and changes in the oral microbiota.PROSPERO registration number CRD42018091589.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Changes in oral microbiota due to orthodontic appliances: a systematic review

Lucchese

Bondemark

Marcolina

et al. 2018

Journal of Oral Microbiology

131

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In orthodontics, the use of fixed appliances on teeth interferes with cleaning methods and can lead to plaque accumulation and potentially increased risk for periodontal diseases (19,20). Traditional culturing techniques have shown elevated numbers of periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia, present at the gingival margins during orthodontic treatment (21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Axenic Culture of a Candidate Division TM7 Bacterium from the Human Oral Cavity and Biofilm Interactions with Other Oral Bacteria

Soro

Dutton

Sprague

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cThe diversity of bacterial species in the human oral cavity is well recognized, but a high proportion of them are presently uncultivable. Candidate division TM7 bacteria are almost always detected in metagenomic studies but have not yet been cultivated. In this paper, we identified candidate division TM7 bacterial phylotypes in mature plaque samples from around orthodontic bonds in subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment. Successive rounds of enrichment in laboratory media led to the isolation of a pure culture of one of these candidate division TM7 phylotypes. The bacteria formed filaments of 20 to 200 m in length within agar plate colonies and in monospecies biofilms on salivary pellicle and exhibited some unusual morphological characteristics by transmission electron microscopy, including a trilaminated cell surface layer and dense cytoplasmic deposits. Proteomic analyses of cell wall protein extracts identified abundant polypeptides predicted from the TM7 partial genomic sequence. Pleiomorphic phenotypes were observed when the candidate division TM7 bacterium was grown in dual-species biofilms with representatives of six different oral bacterial genera. The TM7 bacterium formed long filaments in dual-species biofilm communities with Actinomyces oris or Fusobacterium nucleatum. However, the TM7 isolate grew as short rods or cocci in dual-species biofilms with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Parvimonas micra, or Streptococcus gordonii, forming notably robust biofilms with the latter two species. The ability to cultivate TM7 axenically should majorly advance understanding of the physiology, genetics, and virulence properties of this novel candidate division oral bacterium.

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The effect of orthodontic appliances on oral microflora: A case‐control study

Dallel

Merghni

Tanfouss

et al. 2019

Oral Science International

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Aim Several studies have shown that orthodontic treatment affects oral flora. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of orthodontic treatment on the oral environment. Materials and Methods One hundred and one healthy subjects, divided into two groups, were included in this study. The control group consisted of 51 subjects and the test group included 50 patients wearing orthodontic fixed appliances. The microbiological analyses of saliva and bacterial supra‐gingival plaque were performed for the two groups. Results The results showed that fixed orthodontic appliances alter the oral microbial flora, with a significant predominance of opportunistic Staphylococcus aureus in the oral cavity of patients after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Conclusion Orthodontic appliances may act as a reservoir for opportunistic pathogens. Hence, our findings underline the necessity of paying more attention to the prevalence of opportunistic bacteria after orthodontic treatment.

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The effects of different orthodontic appliances upon microbial communities

Abstract: The results suggest that orthodontic treatment may cause sustained changes in plaque microbiotas and that molar bond-associated plaque may have raised disease potential.

Cited by 51 publications

References 29 publications

Changes in oral microbiota due to orthodontic appliances: a systematic review

Changes in oral microbiota due to orthodontic appliances: a systematic review

Axenic Culture of a Candidate Division TM7 Bacterium from the Human Oral Cavity and Biofilm Interactions with Other Oral Bacteria

The effect of orthodontic appliances on oral microflora: A case‐control study

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