The effects of different hormone replacement therapy regimens on tear function, intraocular pressure and lens opacity

Uncu, Gürkan; Avcı, Remzi; Uncu, Yeşim; Kaymaz, Cafer; Develíoğlu, Osman

doi:10.1080/09513590600917919

Cited by 71 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…16 A prospective study revealed that the administration of estradiol patch after surgical menopause for 12 months reduced tear production and decreased the mean Schirmer test score by 20%, whereas a randomized controlled study indicated that the administration of phytoestrogen therapy in postmenopausal women decreased tear osmolarity and increased tear production. 17,18 This might be revealing that spontaneous menopause with its gradually decreasing estrogen and aging are more important factors for tear production. Although several studies reported that combined estrogen and progesterone therapy increased tear flow in postmenopausal women, some other studies showed that there is no effect on tear flow, or even a decrease in tear production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of menopause on corneal topography and dry eye

Turgut

Dolgun

et al. 2017

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of estrogen and progesterone on central corneal thickness, corneal curvature, and the development of dry eye in postmenopausal women.Methods: This is a case-control study including 54 premenopausal and 54 postmenopausal women. The two groups were compared in terms of follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, progesterone, and horizontal and vertical curvatures, astigmatism, central corneal thickness, Schirmer I test scores, and dry eye scores of both eyes.Results: In the postmenopausal women, central corneal thickness was significantly thinner in both eyes (p=0.017) and the Schirmer test scores were significantly lower both for the right (p=0.001) and the left eye (p=0.003). Estradiol levels were positively correlated with central corneal thickness (p=0.003-0.006) and Schirmer test scores (p=0.004-0.002) whereas progesterone levels showed a positive correlation only with Schirmer test scores (p=0.036-0.044). Although a significant positive correlation was found between estradiol levels and dry eye scores (p=0,009), no significant correlation was found between progesterone levels and dry eye scores (p=0,118).Conclusions: Age-related hormonal abnormalities lead to central corneal thinning, increased dry eye symptoms, and decreased tear flow, particularly in the postmenopausal term. Decreased estrogen levels are associated with central corneal thickness and dry-eye symptoms, decreased estrogen and progesterone levels correlates well with diminished tear production but progesterone levels does not effect dry-eye symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of menopause on corneal topography and dry eye

Turgut

Dolgun

et al. 2017

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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“…Tear production decreases after menopause (Altintas et al 2004). Although some studies have found that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) leads to a decrease in tear function (Schaumberg et al 2001, Uncu et al 2006, the majority have shown that dry eye improves after HRT (Affinito et al 2003, Guaschino et al 2003, Altintas et al 2004, Taner et al 2004, Coksuer et al 2011). In addition, topical E 2 drops appear to alleviate dry eye symptoms Synthesis of oestrogens.…”

Section: The Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some report no effect of hormone therapy on IOP (Guaschino et al 2003, Abramov et al 2005, and one study (Khurana et al 2006) found that HRT raises IOP in postmenopausal females with dry eye syndrome. However, most studies observed that hormone therapy significantly lowers IOP in menopausal (Sator et al 1998) and postmenopausal women (Guaschino et al 2003, Altintas et al 2004, Uncu et al 2006, Tint et al 2010, Coksuer et al 2011; data given in Table 1). This conclusion is supported by animal models, where it has been reported that E 2 prevents retinal ganglion cell loss induced by acute IOP elevation in rats (Russo et al 2008).…”

Section: Eye Disease and The Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Oestrogen, ocular function and low-level vision: a review

Hutchinson¹,

Walker²,

Davidson³

2014

Journal of Endocrinology

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Over the past 10 years, a literature has emerged concerning the sex steroid hormone oestrogen and its role in human vision. Herein, we review evidence that oestrogen (oestradiol) levels may significantly affect ocular function and low-level vision, particularly in older females. In doing so, we have examined a number of vision-related disorders including dry eye, cataract, increased intraocular pressure, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. In each case, we have found oestrogen, or lack thereof, to have a role. We have also included discussion of how oestrogen-related pharmacological treatments for menopause and breast cancer can impact the pathology of the eye and a number of psychophysical aspects of vision. Finally, we have reviewed oestrogen's pharmacology and suggest potential mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects, with particular emphasis on anti-apoptotic and vascular effects.

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“…5,6 It is well known that elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important risk factor for POAG 7 and some studies indicate that supplemental estrogen plus progestin or estrogen alone in postmenopausal women reduces IOP while enhancing blood flow to the optic nerve. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Menopause marks a critical decline in reproductive hormones and serves as an important transition in the female reproductive aging process. POAG is unequivocally a disease where advancing age is a strong risk factor.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%