The Effects of Diesel Fuel Additives on Water Separation Performance

Bessee, Gary B.; Hutzler, Scott A

doi:10.4271/2009-01-0868

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…That is to say that the number of monoolein molecules needed to saturate the same water/fuel interface is over an order of magnitude larger than that of PETO-B. Surface surfactant coverage concentration (Γ) at the interface per unit area can be approximately calculated using Gibbs adsorption equation as aforementioned, also as has been reported by other researchers as well, and the result is displayed in Figure . Γ increases with surfactant concentration until it attains the saturated adsorption capacity (Γ m ).…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The high pressure common rail system is widely used in modern diesel engines, and the pressure in the system can be as high as 200 MPa. At such high pressure, emulsified water can damage engine spray nozzles by causing discontinuity of the lubricant layer on the inner wall of the nozzle that leads to severe wear and by corroding the nozzle and other engine parts, resulting in engine malfunction and even breakdown. − Therefore, this kind of water together with other free water in ULSD must be removed. As previously reported, coalescence separation with nonwoven filter media is by far the most economical, effective, and feasible method to tackle the emulsified water separation problem. , However, the effectiveness of coalescence is dependent on various factors including media structure, surface wettability, operating conditions, and, more importantly, the stability of the emulsion itself that is directly related to the interfacial rheology of the emulsion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dilational Viscoelastic Properties of Water–Fuel Interfaces in Single and Binary Surfactant Systems

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2019

Energy Fuels

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The interfacial rheology of a surfactant film surrounding a water-in-oil emulsion influences the stability of the emulsion significantly. In this research, we chose monoolein of molecular weight of 356.54 and pentaerythritol oleate (PETO-B) of molecular weight of 1193.93 as the surfactants and dissolved them in clay-treated ultralow sulfur diesel fuel separately and together to mimic single and binary surfactant systems. The water/fuel interfacial viscoelastic properties were then studied using the oscillation pendant drop method subject to different surfactant concentrations and oscillation frequencies. Surfactant coverage on the interface and the surfactant molecule migration rate were calculated to investigate the viscoelastic phenomenon of the surfactant film. The migration rate of surfactant in the bulk was found to be crucial for the surfactant to effectively compensate the interfacial tension (IFT) gradient caused by interfacial area expansion and compression. Faster moving monoolein molecules could rapidly compensate the IFT gradient as oscillation was triggered, resulting in much higher elastic modulus in comparison to PETO-B molecules with lower migration rate. Higher surfactant concentration also produced faster migration rate resulting in a higher film elastic modulus. Lower oscillation frequency promoted the formation of a film with lower elasticity and higher viscous modulus, while higher oscillation frequency led to lower film viscous modulus. The calculated occupying area per surfactant molecule on the interface indicated that monoolein had a much tighter arrangement at the interface than PETO-B. The binary surfactant system was constructed with monoolein and PETO-B with various weight ratios. The interfacial rheology of such a system was determined by the faster migrating surfactant that built the fundamental framework of the film and adding PETO-B to monoolein-containing fuel could therefore decrease the interfacial elastic modulus and, hence, the emulsion’s stability, to benefit emulsified water separation.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dilational Viscoelastic Properties of Water–Fuel Interfaces in Single and Binary Surfactant Systems

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2019

Energy Fuels

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“…Water can enter diesel fuel at any stage during transportation, storage, and actual use in an engine. This entrained water can have damaging effects on parts of an engine, such as fouling due to microbial growth, corrosion and rust of pipelines, and potentially lead to failure of common rail fuel injection components . Consequently, it becomes essential to separate entrained water from diesel fuel to ensure smooth functioning of the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removing Water from Diesel Fuel: Understanding the Impact of Droplet Size on Dynamic Interfacial Tension of Water-in-Fuel Emulsions

et al. 2018

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Small amounts of water can enter diesel fuel during usage, causing major damage and failure of engine parts. Water is dispersed in fuel as droplets stabilized by the presence of surface-active compounds in the original fuel mixture as well as in fuel additives, including lubricity improvers and deposit control agents. Additives partition to the fuel–water interface and lower the interfacial tension (IFT), decreasing the ability to coalesce and separate water from fuel. The ability of standard coalescing filters to capture and coalesce emulsion droplets depends on dynamic IFT, conventionally measured for large millimeter-sized drops or planar interfaces. In this work, a microfluidic platform is employed to generate a monodisperse stream of small micrometer-sized water droplets in model fuel and ultralow sulfur diesel, mimicking the size of droplets in actual fuel–water emulsions. The deformation of hundreds of droplets is tracked at high speed through twenty-six geometric contractions to find time-dependent apparent IFT. It is found that the time scale associated with the decrease of IFT is orders of magnitude smaller in micrometer-sized droplets compared to millimeter-sized drops from pendant drop experiments. This finding suggests that, in real emulsion processing conditions such as fuel filtration, the residence time of droplets from the point of formation to filtration is such that IFT has already decreased to the equilibrium value. This work results in clear implications that standardized tests used by industry for qualifying diesel fuels must be reconsidered to account for droplet size, to enable design of efficient fuel filtration systems.

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“…Increased use of surface active fuel additives and fuel components such as biodiesel have rendered conventional separating media less effective and filter manufacturers have needed to develop new approaches such as composite media and ultra-high surface area coalescing media (Stanfel, 2009), (Pangestu & Stanfel, 2009), (Bessee & Hutzler, 2009). Methods of quantifying fuel/water separation performance have also been affected (Stone et al, 2009).…”

Section: Picture 9 -Fuel Filtration Treatment Locations From Refinerimentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel fuel filtration problems with modern common rail injection systems

Jocanović¹,

Karanović²,

Knežević³

et al. 2017

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The Effects of Diesel Fuel Additives on Water Separation Performance

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Dilational Viscoelastic Properties of Water–Fuel Interfaces in Single and Binary Surfactant Systems

Dilational Viscoelastic Properties of Water–Fuel Interfaces in Single and Binary Surfactant Systems

Removing Water from Diesel Fuel: Understanding the Impact of Droplet Size on Dynamic Interfacial Tension of Water-in-Fuel Emulsions

Diesel fuel filtration problems with modern common rail injection systems

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