The effects of cyclical oestrogen on bladder and urethral structure and function

Abstract

after Ovx, which remained in place for a subsequent 2-week period. Group 3 was then assessed after the 2 weeks on oestradiol. Groups 4 and 5 then had their oestradiol tablets removed for 2 weeks and group 4 was assessed after this period off oestradiol. Group 5 then received a new oestradiol tablet that was left in place for an additional 2 weeks. RESULTSBoth groups receiving oestrogen (3 and 5) had a statistically significantly greater bladder weight than both the control group and group 2. The volume fraction of SM paralleled the bladder weight, showing that oestrogen increased the volume fraction of SM whereas Ovx and low oestrogen decreased the SM fraction. The cross-sections of the urethra from groups 3 and 5 were significantly wider than those of either the control or group 1, also being consistent with the structural effects of oestrogen. Intra-arterial phenylephrine increased urethral pressure to a similar level in all groups. The urethral pressure response to intra-arterial acetylcholine shifted from contraction in the control to relaxation in the oestrogen-treated groups. Ovx resulted in a lower vascular density, whereas oestrogen resulted in a significant increase in vascular density (angiogenesis). CONCLUSIONSCyclical oestrogen had pronounced structural and pharmacological effects. Low oestrogen decreased the volume fraction of SM, increased collagen, and decreased vasculature, whereas oestrogen mediated a marked hypertrophy of the SM components, decreased the collagen component, and stimulated angiogenesis. Cyclical oestrogen also had marked effects on the responses to intra-arterial acetylcholine, shifting the response from contraction to relaxation.

Evaluation of oxidative stress status and antioxidant capacity in patients with painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis: preliminary results of a randomised study

“…The decrease in bladder perfusion in BPS/IC has been demonstrated in previous studies by conducting dual-canal endoscopic laser Doppler flow measurements [22,23]. In an experimental study, it has been shown that the decrease in estrogen levels, which has been proved to be protective against oxidative stress, causes blood flow to the bladder mucosa and muscles to decrease and thus causes oxidative stress of free radicals resulting from ischemia, hypoxia, and reperfusion [6].…”

Estrogènes et fonction vésicale

“…Enfin, il a été montré que les estrogènes permettaient de prévenir, après la ménopause, la survenue de cystites [9], d'atrophie de l'appareil urinaire [ 38,39]. À l'inverse, après ovariectomie bilatérale ou à la naissance, lorsque le rat ou le lapin est traité d'emblée par estrogènes, apparaissent une hypertrophie de la paroi vésicale en rapport avec une augmentation des fibres musculaires lisses, une diminution de la teneur en collagène et une augmentation de la vascularisation de la vessie [33,34,37-41].…”

“…L'hypertrophie intéresse la partie mobile de la vessie. Elle s'accompagne d'une augmentation du poids de la vessie [31,37,38]. L'hypertrophie est probablement multifactorielle.…”

“…Toutefois, les résultats sont contradictoires. Levin Estrogènes et fonction vésicale À partir d'études réalisées chez la femme et chez l'animal, il a été montré que les variations de l'imprégnation estrogénique avaient des conséquences sur la contractilité vésicale et sur la réponse inflammatoire au niveau vésical [27,37,38,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. Les variations du cycle menstruel influencent la survenue de symptômes urinaires et la mise en évidence d'une hyperactivité détrusorienne à la cystomanométrie.…”

Calcium Effects on Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase of the Rabbit Urinary Bladder Muscle and Mucosa

“…The result is a hypoxic condition which in turn mediates the generation and release of free radicals and oxidative damage to cellular and subcellular structures of the bladder [26][27][28] .…”