The effects of controllability on extinction

Calef, Richard S.; Murray, Donald W.; Modlin, Preston D.; Meekins, Byarr W.; Geller, E. Scott

doi:10.3758/bf03333726

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Seligman (1975) and Maier and Seligman (1976) have claimed that uncontrollability in appetitive situations may also cause interference effects. At present, interference effects arising from response-independent food have been reported in many studies (e.g., Calef et al, 1989;Calef, Murray, Modlin, Meekins, & Geller, 1981;Goodkin, 1976;Job, 1987Job, , 1988Job, , 1989Oakes, Rosenblum, & Fox, 1982), but some investigators have failed to report such an effect (Beatty & Maki, 1979;Calefet al, 1984). It is noteworthy that some ofthis research (e.g., Job, 1987;Oakes et al, 1982) has not yielded motivational deficits, but rather associative ones, in discrimination tests.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of controllability in appetitive situations interferes with subsequent learning in aversive situations

Sonoda

Okayasu

Hirai

1991

Animal Learning & Behavior

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In two experiments, we examined whether or not a loss of control over food availability would interfere with subsequent two-way shuttle-escape learning. Rats that had experienced loss of control over food delivery were impaired in their acquisition of a shuttle-escape response, relative to the response-contingent and the continuous-reinforcement control rats (in Experiments 1 and 2) and to the lack-of-control and home cage control rats (in Experiment 2). Rats that had received noncontingent food delivery without a prior history of control over food exhibited poorer performance than did the home cage control rats. Moreover, loss of control resulted in a larger interference effect than did lack of control, supporting the view that the learning of response-outcome noncontingency is the main determinant of the interference effect.

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confidence: 99%

Loss of controllability in appetitive situations interferes with subsequent learning in aversive situations

Sonoda

Okayasu

Hirai

1991

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…The present results imply that th e appetitive learned-helplessness model cannot be extended to predict performance in the straight alley and that the findings by Calef, Murray, Modlin, Meekins, and Geller (1981) should not be attributed to a learned-helplessness phenomenon. In that study, subsequent to receiving CRF training in a straight runway, rats were given contingent, noncontingent, or no reinforcement in the operant chamber.…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Both the results of the present study and those of Calef et al (1981) can be interpreted according to Arnsel's (1958) conditioned-frustration theory . Group NC may have learned to antici-…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 54%

Acquisition of running in the straight alley following experience with response-independent food

Calef

Metz

Atkinson

et al. 1984

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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“…Moreover, research has suggested that engaging in safety behaviors does not interfere with treatment outcome 9 and that it could provide a sense of control that can even yield more effective exposure treatment 10 . Supporting this premise, prior studies have found that a history of controllability over stressors may enhance extinction of conditioned fear in humans 11 and rats 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

A history of avoidance does not impact extinction learning in male rats

López-Moraga,

Luyten,

Beckers

2024

npj Sci. Learn.

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Pervasive avoidance is one of the central symptoms of all anxiety-related disorders. In treatment, avoidance behaviors are typically discouraged because they are assumed to maintain anxiety. Yet, it is not clear if engaging in avoidance is always detrimental. In this study, we used a platform-mediated avoidance task to investigate the influence of avoidance history on extinction learning in male rats. Our results show that having the opportunity to avoid during fear acquisition training does not significantly influence the extinction of auditory-cued fear in rats subjected to this platform-mediated avoidance procedure, which constitutes a realistic approach/avoidance conflict. This holds true irrespective of whether or not avoidance was possible during the extinction phase. This suggests that imposing a realistic cost on avoidance behavior prevents the adverse effects that avoidance has been claimed to have on extinction. However, avoidance does not appear to have clear positive effects on extinction learning nor on retention either.

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The effects of controllability on extinction

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Loss of controllability in appetitive situations interferes with subsequent learning in aversive situations

Loss of controllability in appetitive situations interferes with subsequent learning in aversive situations

Acquisition of running in the straight alley following experience with response-independent food

A history of avoidance does not impact extinction learning in male rats

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