The Effects of Combination of Citric Acid and Microbial Phytase on the Concentration of Some Minerals of Serum and Parameters of Mineralization of Tibia in Commercial Laying Hens

Nezhad, Y Ebrahim; Maheri-Sis, Naser; Gholshani, Abolfazl Aghajanzadeh; Saedi, Yaghob; Aminvakili, Reza

doi:10.3923/ajava.2008.375.380

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Findings corresponding to our results were obtained by Nezhad et al (2008) increased after the addition of citric acid. The positive effect of citric acid on the bone crude ash was also found in broilers; however, there was no influence of malic acid or fumaric acid (Liem et al 2008).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Effect of Organic Acids and Prebiotics on Bone Quality in Laying Hens Fed Diets with Two Levels of Calcium and Phosphorus

2010

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In an experiment conducted on caged Bovans Brown hens, the effect of diet supplementation using organic acids and prebiotic fructans on the biomechanical and geometrical indicators of the tibia and femur bones was evaluated. At 25 weeks of age, layers were randomly assigned to 14 experimental groups, each comprising 6 hens kept in individual cages. A 2 × 7 factorial arrangement, with two dietary levels of calcium and phosphorus (normal -37.0 g Ca/kg, 6.5 g P/kg, and reduced -32.5 g Ca/kg, 6.0 g P/kg), and with diets supplemented by selected additives (none; inulin, 7.5 g/kg; oligofructose, 7.5 g/kg; short chain fatty acids (SCFA), 5.0 g/kg; medium chain fatty acid (MCFA), 2.5 g/kg; SCFA, 3.0 g/kg + MCFA, 2.0 g/kg; inulin, 3.0 g/kg + SCFA, 5.0 g/kg) was used. The experiment was conducted for 45 weeks and concluded when the hens were 70 weeks old.At 70 weeks of age, reducing the dietary levels of Ca and P had decreased the bone breaking strength by 8.9% (P ≤ 0.001) and the yielding load by 5.6% (P ≤ 0.05). A similar tendency for bone breaking strength (P ≤ 0.05) and stiffness (P ≤ 0.05) was found in the femur bones. The diet with a lower level of Ca and P negatively affected the geometrical indicators of the bones such as cortex thickness (P ≤ 0.05) and cross section area (P ≤ 0.05), but had no effect on bone weight and length. Hens fed diets supplemented with oligofructose, MCFA, SCFA + MCFA or inulin + SCFA displayed a significantly higher bone breaking strength and yield load in the tibia bone than that of the control group. In the case of femurs, a positive influence of MCFA or simultaneous addition of inulin + SCFA on bone breaking strength was found. The additives had no significant effects on the geometrical indicators of either bone. It was concluded that selected feed additives which lower the pH of the diet and intestinal content can beneficially affect the biomechanical indicators of the bones of high-productive laying hens. Laying hens, bone quality, calcium, organic acids, prebiotic fructansSymptoms of osteoporosis are often observed in modern flocks of high-productive layers, especially in the second part of the laying cycle. Osteoporosis can be defined as a decrease in the fully mineralized structural bone in which Ca is mobilized from the bone in order to contribute to eggshell formation (Whitehead and Fleming 2000). The condition leads to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. The consequences of this syndrome, also known as 'cage layer fatigue', i.e., poor bone quality, weakness, deformities and breakage, spinal bone collapse and paralysis, can be an important welfare problem, causing acute and chronic pain and distress to the birds (Webster 2004). In the United Kingdom, it was found that, in the end phase of lay, 29% of caged hens had sustained one or more broken bones during their lifetime (Gregory and Wilkins 1989). A study conducted by McCoy et al. (1996) attributed 35% of mortality in commercial caged laying hens to osteoporosis. Bone breakage is also a serious prob...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Effect of Organic Acids and Prebiotics on Bone Quality in Laying Hens Fed Diets with Two Levels of Calcium and Phosphorus

2010

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“…Several studies demonstrated that a reduced intestinal pH by lactic and formic acid as organic acids had a beneficial effect on calcium and phosphorus, and mineral absorption and dietary utilization (26,27). In the present study, laying hens fed on a microencapsulated organic acid blend with MCFAs increased their calcium concentration in the blood serum.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Microencapsulated organic acid blend with MCFAs can be used as analternative to antibiotics for laying hens

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

2015

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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A total of 144 Hy-Line brown laying hens were used in a 10-week trial to evaluate the effects of a microencapsulated organic acid blend with medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) on egg production, weight, quality, fecal microflora, and nutrient digestibility in the hens. The hens were divided into four groups and different dietary treatments were given to each group. The control group received no microencapsulated organic acid blend with MCFAs. The second group received 0.05%, the third group received 0.1%, and the fourth group received 0.2% of a microencapsulated organic acid blend with MCFAs. Laying hens fed on a microencapsulated organic acid blend with MCFAs showed an increase in the egg production rate (linear, P > 0.001), in the Haugh units (linear, P = 0.010), and in eggshell strength (linear, P = 0.012; quadratic, P = 0.005). Also, the same hens had higher calcium concentrations in the blood at 35 weeks (linear, P = 0.042). The dietary supplementation of a microencapsulated organic acid blend with MCFAs increased the Lactobacillus fecal content and decreased the E.coli fecal content in the hens. In conclusion, the microencapsulated organic acid blend with MCFAs had positive effects on egg production, egg strength, Haugh units, calcium concentration, and fecal Lactobacillus and E. coli contents in laying hens. Thus, we suggest that the microencapsulated organic acid blend with MCFAs could be used as an alternative to antibiotics in laying hens.

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“…Orban et al (1993) found that the addition of ascorbic acid to the broiler's diet increased the femur breaking strength. The beneficial effect of citric acid on bone (tibia) mineralization has also been observed in laying hens (Nezhad et al, 2008). In our previous experiment, layers fed a diet supplemented with MCFA, SCFA + MCFA or inulin + SCFA displayed a significantly higher bone breaking strength and yielding load in the tibia bone than that of the control group (Świątkiewicz et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Bone quality characteristics and performance in broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with organic acids

Świątkiewicz¹,

Arczewska-Włosek²

2012

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Leg weakness, lameness and other bone abnormalities connected with various metabolic disorders are continuing problems in rapidly growing meat-type chickens, leading to considerable production losses and having a negative effect on bird welfare (Julian, 2005;Waldenstedt, 2006;Dibner et al., 2007). It has been reported that the bones in modern broiler lines are characterized by poor calcification and high porosity, which may cause an increased affinity for bone damage (Williams et al., 2000). The reduced walking ability caused by bone disorders can lead to difficulties in feed intake and a decreased body weight for chickens in production. The causes of bone abnormalities in broilers are usually complex, having a substantial genetic component and a high correlation with the growth rate. However, nutrition can also have an effect on the development of bone disorders and thus its optimization may be a strategy for decreasing the severity of leg lesions in broilers. Vitamin D 3 is one of the main nutritional factors crucial to Ca and P absorption and proper skeletal development. It is generally added to diets in the form of cholecalciferol; however, in order to carry out its physiological function, it must be hydroxylated in a two-step process: in the liver (to 25-OH-D 3 ) and in the kidneys (to 1.25-OH-D 3 ). Whitehead et al. ABSTRACT: A 6-week experiment with broilers was conducted to study the effect of diet supplementation with organic acids on performance, characteristics of the tibia and femur bones, and the calcium, phosphorus and zinc balance. A total of 320, one-day-old, Ross 308 chickens were randomly assigned to 1 of 8 treatments. A 2 × 4 factorial arrangement was used, with two dietary levels of calcium and available phosphorus (standard -9.4/9.2 g Ca/kg and 4.3/4.0 g available P/kg, or reduced -8.3/8.1 g Ca/kg and 3.7/3.5 g available P/kg, for the starter/finisher feeding phases, respectively), and with diets supplemented with organic acids (none; short chain fatty acids (SCFA), 4.0 g/kg; medium chain fatty acid (MCFA), 2.0 g/kg or SCFA + MCFA, 3.0 + 2.0 g/kg). Broilers fed diets supplemented with SCFA or MCFA displayed a performance similar to those fed the unsupplemented diet (P > 0.05). At 42 days, reducing the dietary levels of Ca and P decreased such bone parameters as tibia yielding load (256 vs. 270 N) and tibia stiffness (171 vs. 184 N/mm), as well as femur breaking strength (342 vs. 369 N), yielding load (233 vs. 250 N), stiffness (164 vs. 174 N/mm), and cortex thickness (1.47 vs. 1.56 mm). The organic acids had no effect on the parameters of the tibias; however, SCFA and SCFA+MCFA increased the yielding load and stiffness of the femurs. The SCFA diet supplementation significantly increased the relative retention of Ca (45.0 vs. 41.1%). There were no significant Ca and P level × organic acids interaction effects on performance parameters, bone quality indices or the Ca, P, and Zn balance. It was thus concluded that SCFA can improve the bone quality and Ca balance in broiler chickens when fed eit...

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The Effects of Combination of Citric Acid and Microbial Phytase on the Concentration of Some Minerals of Serum and Parameters of Mineralization of Tibia in Commercial Laying Hens

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of Organic Acids and Prebiotics on Bone Quality in Laying Hens Fed Diets with Two Levels of Calcium and Phosphorus

Effect of Organic Acids and Prebiotics on Bone Quality in Laying Hens Fed Diets with Two Levels of Calcium and Phosphorus

Microencapsulated organic acid blend with MCFAs can be used as analternative to antibiotics for laying hens

Bone quality characteristics and performance in broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with organic acids

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