The effects of cocoa flavanols on indices of muscle recovery and exercise performance: a narrative review

Corr, Liam David; Field, Adam; Pufal, Deborah; Clifford, Tom; Harper, Liam D.; Naughton, Robert J.

doi:10.1186/s13102-021-00319-8

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…Meta-analyses of the substantial body of intervention trial data reveal a consistent beneficial effect of high-flavanol chocolate and cocoa-flavanol extracts on cardiovascular parameters, including inflammatory biomarkers, oxidative stress, gluco-regulation, lipid profiles, blood-pressure and peripheral blood-flow [91,[111][112][113][114][115]. The evidence of ergogenic benefits is less consistent, with some evidence of reduced oxidative stress and modulation of metabolism in a physical performance context, but no consistent evidence of improved exercise performance [116][117][118].…”

Section: Cocoa-flavanolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Performance and Sport: Caffeine and Co-consumed Bioactive Ingredients

Kennedy

Wightman

2022

Sports Med

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The plant defence compound caffeine is widely consumed as a performance enhancer in a sporting context, with potential benefits expected in both physiological and psychological terms. However, although caffeine modestly but consistently improves alertness and fatigue, its effects on mental performance are largely restricted to improved attention or concentration. It has no consistent effect within other cognitive domains that are important to sporting performance, including working memory, executive function and long-term memory. Although caffeine’s central nervous system effects are often attributed to blockade of the receptors for the inhibitory neuromodulator adenosine, it also inhibits a number of enzymes involved both in neurotransmission and in cellular homeostasis and signal propagation. Furthermore, it modulates the pharmacokinetics of other endogenous and exogenous bioactive molecules, in part via interactions with shared cytochrome P450 enzymes. Caffeine therefore enjoys interactive relationships with a wide range of bioactive medicinal and dietary compounds, potentially broadening, increasing, decreasing, or modulating the time course of their functional effects, or vice versa. This narrative review explores the mechanisms of action and efficacy of caffeine and the potential for combinations of caffeine and other dietary compounds to exert psychological effects in excess of those expected following caffeine alone. The review focusses on, and indeed restricted its untargeted search to, the most commonly consumed sources of caffeine: products derived from caffeine-synthesising plants that give us tea (Camellia sinensis), coffee (Coffea genus), cocoa (Theabroma cacao) and guaraná (Paullinia cupana), plus multi-component energy drinks and shots. This literature suggests relevant benefits to mental performance that exceed those associated with caffeine for multi-ingredient energy drinks/shots and several low-caffeine extracts, including high-flavanol cocoa and guarana. However, there is a general lack of research conducted in such a way as to disentangle the relative contributions of the component parts of these products.

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Section: Cocoa-flavanolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Performance and Sport: Caffeine and Co-consumed Bioactive Ingredients

Kennedy

Wightman

2022

Sports Med

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“…Eine Zusammenstellung der Daten aus 13 Studien weist darauf hin, dass auch Kakaopolyphenole den trainingsbedingten oxidativen Stress reduzieren können, nicht aber die Entzündungen durch Mikrotraumen. Die Daten zur Verbesserung der Erholungsphase nach dem Training waren widersprüchlich 5 , 14 . Weitere Studien sind erforderlich, um die Wirksamkeit der Kakaopolyphenole bei Sportverletzungen zu evaluieren.…”

Section: Zufuhr Von Antioxidantienunclassified

Naturheilkundliche Therapien bei Mikro- und Makrotraumen durch Sport

Vlachojannis¹,

Chrubasik‐Hausmann²

2022

Erfahrungsheilkunde

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ZusammenfassungMikro- und Makrotraumen durch Sport gehen mit Muskelschädigung, Entzündungsreaktionen und oxidativem Stress einher. Diverse Metaanalysen evaluieren das Nutzen-Risiko-Profil von naturheilkundlichen Therapien zur verletzungsvorbeugenden Wirkung bzw. zur Beschleunigung der Regenerationsprozesse: Um Muskelkater und Müdigkeit vorzubeugen, waren Massagen wirksamer als Kompressionsverbände. Heiss-/Kaltwassertherapie inklusive Fango und Cryotherapie. Elektrostimulation, Dehnübungen und gezielte Gymnastik waren wenig wirksam.Massage und Kälteanwendungen hemmten die Entzündungsreaktionen mehr als die anderen Maßnahmen. Studien mit Laser- und Vibrationstherapie waren in der Metaanalyse nicht berücksichtigt und auch nicht die Studien zur Akupunkturbehandlung. Zu keiner der bei Mikro- und Makrotraumen durch Sport eingesetzten Therapien ist die Wirksamkeit überzeugend belegt. Konfirmatorische Studien sind dringend notwendig, damit die Methoden als Zusatz zur bedarfsangepassten, ausgewogenen Ernährung in der Sportmedizin empfohlen werden können.

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“…Due to the benefits and characteristics of polyphenols mentioned above, research on polyphenols in the field of sports is becoming increasingly popular. Although there is currently a substantial body of research, most reviews tend to focus on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) ( Martin-Rincon et al, 2020 ; Carey et al, 2021 ; Huang et al, 2021 ; Ortega et al, 2021 ; Sánchez Díaz et al, 2022 ) or the effects of specific types of polyphenols on exercise ( Braakhuis et al, 2020 ; Corr et al, 2021 ). Reviews addressing effects on exercise performance lack categorization and discussion of effects on different types of exercise, and effects on endurance or explosive exercise performance remain unclear ( Vafaee et al, 2019 ; Braakhuis et al, 2020 ; D'Unienville et al, 2021 ; Bojarczuk and Dzitkowska-Zabielska, 2022 ; Sánchez Díaz et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenol supplementation boosts aerobic endurance in athletes: systematic review

Cao,

Zuo,

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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In recent years, an increasing trend has been observed in the consumption of specific polyphenols, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, derived from green tea, berries, and other similar sources. These compounds are believed to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation resulting from exercise, potentially enhancing athletic performance. This systematic review critically examines the role of polyphenol supplementation in improving aerobic endurance among athletes and individuals with regular exercise habits. The review involved a thorough search of major literature databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, and Embase, covering re-search up to the year 2023. Out of 491 initially identified articles, 11 met the strict inclusion criteria for this review. These studies specifically focused on the incorporation of polyphenols or polyphenol-containing complexes in their experimental design, assessing their impact on aerobic endurance. The methodology adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool. While this review suggests that polyphenol supplementation might enhance certain aspects of aerobic endurance and promote fat oxidation, it is important to interpret these findings with caution, considering the limited number of studies available.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023453321.

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The effects of cocoa flavanols on indices of muscle recovery and exercise performance: a narrative review

Cited by 9 publications

References 90 publications

Mental Performance and Sport: Caffeine and Co-consumed Bioactive Ingredients

Mental Performance and Sport: Caffeine and Co-consumed Bioactive Ingredients

Naturheilkundliche Therapien bei Mikro- und Makrotraumen durch Sport

Polyphenol supplementation boosts aerobic endurance in athletes: systematic review

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