The effects of climate change on avian migratory patterns and the dispersal of commercial poultry diseases in Canada - Part II

Patterson, Christophe; Guerin, Michele T.

doi:10.1017/s0043933913000147

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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Section: Climate Change and Livestock -A Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk of vector-borne diseases will display great local spatial variation and may be more affected by the abundance of competent hosts than climate change (Rogers and Randolph, 2006;Randolph, 2009). Hoberg et al (2008) and Guerin (2013a and2013b) review predicted responses of complex host-pathogen systems to climate change.Rapid spread of pathogens or even small spatial or seasonal changes in disease distribution may expose livestock populations that lack resistance or acquired immunity to new diseases. The expected increased and often novel disease pressure will favour genotypes that are resistant or tolerant to the diseases in question (Gauly et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Adaptation to climate change – exploring the potential of locally adapted breeds

Hoffmann

2013

Animal

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The livestock sector and agriculture as a whole face unprecedented challenges to increase production while improving the environment. On the basis of a literature review, the paper first discusses challenges related to climate change, food security and other drivers of change in livestock production. On the basis of a recent discourse in ecology, a framework for assessing livestock species' and breeds' vulnerability to climate change is presented. The second part of the paper draws on an analysis of data on breed qualities obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization's Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS) to explore the range of adaptation traits present in today's breed diversity. The analysis produced a first mapping of a range of ascribed adaptation traits of national breed populations. It allowed to explore what National Coordinators understand by 'locally adapted' and other terms that describe general adaptation, to better understand the habitat, fodder and temperature range of each species and to shed light on the environments in which targeted search for adaptation traits could focus.Keywords: climate change, livestock, breeds, adaptation, habitat ImplicationsAdaptation is necessary to respond adequately to climate change, food security and livelihoods needs, and natural resources conservation. The paper highlights the paucity of comprehensive data on the adaptive capacity of breeds and their management but also gives a glimpse of the range of options available in the genetic diversity of the world's livestock. Particularly in today's extreme environments, adaptation traits including tolerance of climatic extremes and adaptation to poor-quality diets can be found on which targeted search for adaptation traits could focus. Better characterization of locally adapted breeds will be a key for adaptation breeding or exchange of genetics. IntroductionBetween 1980 and 2010, the livestock sector has seen impressive production increases, with global output growing by more than 4% annually. The global trends mask high variation in productivity between livestock production systems, both within and between regions. The increase in livestock production in developing countries has come from increases in animal numbers rather than productivity increases. The variations in productivity are larger in ruminants than in monogastric species for which industrial systems prevail in both developed and developing regions. The most revolutionary change is in poultry production, which has an annual growth rate of more than 10%; its share in world meat production increased from 13% in the mid-1960s to 35% in 2010mid-1960s to 35% in (FAO, 2010a FAOSTAT, 2013).The growing demand for animal food products is met increasingly through industrial systems. Extrapolating the figures of Steinfeld et al. (2006), industrial systems utilizing sophisticated technology and based on internationally sourced feed and animal genetics produced about 55% of pork, 68% of eggs and 74% of poultry meat globally in 2009. This trend...

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Section: Climate Change and Livestock -A Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation to climate change – exploring the potential of locally adapted breeds

Hoffmann

2013

Animal

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“…However, rampant diseases mainly, Newcastle disease, Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) and parasitic infections have hampered the transformation of IC into a profitable sub-sector [13,14]. Currently, there IC sub-sector is experiencing increased disease outbreaks due to modification of disease pathogens and a decrease of IC immunity resulting from variable and extreme weather events [15].The inability of the IC owners to control these diseases makes their impact even greater in this sub-sector. They therefore result in high mortality and economic losses along the IC value chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Baseline Survey on Indigenous Chicken Production Characteristics and Constraints in Busia and Machakos Counties of Kenya

Muleke

Ogali

Amanya

et al. 2022

JSRR

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Aims: To collect preliminary baseline data prior to validation of three climate-smart technologies. Study Design: A structured questionnaire was employed with participation of actors along the Indigenous Chicken value chain. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted from May 2019 to June 2020 within four (4) Sub-Counties in Busia and Machakos where high Indigenous Chicken populations are found. Methodology: A total of 160 households were surveyed. Targeted household information was recorded viz: distribution of respondents by village in the Counties; farmer socio-economic factors; flock structure and characteristics; disease and parasite constraints, management practices; disease reporting and communication amongst recruited farmers. Results: Results revealed that 56.5% of the respondents were male and 43.5% were female wit mean age of 50 years. Most farmers had formal education (97%) and practiced semi extensive poultry farming system (59%). Both indigenous and exotic chicken (62%) were kept for income purposes (82.6%) and only young chicks received feed supplements (55.8%). Newcastle (18.5%) and coccidiosis (16.4%) comprised the two major disease constraints reported. Prevalent bird disease symptoms were diarrhea (24.9%) and coughing (23.1%) while mites (27.9%) and fleas (22.3%) dominated the ecto-parasites. Disease control strategies comprised: vaccines (72.8%), dewormers (44.9%) and ethno-veterinary medicine. Aloe secundiflora and Aloe feroxin, were singled out as locally available and effective means of treating diarrhea (62.9%), respiratory infections (61.9%) and worm control (64.5%). Most Indigenous Chicken farmers (76.8%) failed to report illnesses among their flock and did not access to health services (72.1%). Farmers accessed health information through radio (26.5%) as opposed to mobile phones (1.65%). Conclusion: Findings of this survey reveal a low-grade free-range poultry system characterized by poor disease control. This scenario calls for targeted efforts by both government and private stakeholders to improve Indigenous Chicken management and help farmers adopt alternative climatic smart disease control interventions.

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Survey for Bacteria and Antimicrobial Resistance in Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Ontario, Canada

et al. 2018

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Since being successfully reintroduced into Ontario, Canada, wild turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo) populations have undergone robust growth and range expansion. This, along with increases in land use changes from human population growth and subsequent developments in agriculture and livestock production, has heightened opportunities for interactions between wild turkeys, domestic poultry, and humans. As conspecifics, wild and domestic turkeys are susceptible to infection and disease from many of the same pathogens. Thus, transmission by direct or indirect contact is a potential health threat to both groups, particularly with the overlapping range of wild turkeys in Ontario with numerous commercial and backyard poultry operations. However, these threats are difficult to assess due to knowledge gaps in the prevalence and geographic distribution of potential pathogens circulating among wild turkeys. We assessed for potentially pathogenic bacteria in free-ranging, hunter-harvested wild turkeys in Ontario ( n = 152) by cloacal swab culture for Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli and culture of lung and spleen for Pasteurella multocida, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Antimicrobial resistance testing was also performed on E. coli isolates. Generic E. coli isolates were recovered from 69.1% (105/152) of wild turkeys tested, and two (1.9%) of these isolates exhibited resistance to azithromycin and one (1.0%) to ampicillin. Intermediate susceptibility to chloramphenicol was observed in one (1.0%) isolate. One (0.7%) wild turkey swab tested positive for C. jejuni, but no samples were positive for P. multocida, Salmonella spp., O. rhinotracheale, or E. rhusiopathiae. To our knowledge, this is the first survey of these bacteria and assessment for antimicrobial resistance among wild turkeys in Ontario.

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The effects of climate change on avian migratory patterns and the dispersal of commercial poultry diseases in Canada - Part II

Cited by 3 publications

References 131 publications

Adaptation to climate change – exploring the potential of locally adapted breeds

Adaptation to climate change – exploring the potential of locally adapted breeds

Household Baseline Survey on Indigenous Chicken Production Characteristics and Constraints in Busia and Machakos Counties of Kenya

Survey for Bacteria and Antimicrobial Resistance in Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Ontario, Canada

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