The effects of chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) supplementation on glucose control in subjects with prediabetes

Kim, Hee Jun; Ahn, Hyeon Yeong; Kwak, Jung Hyun; Shin, Dong Yeob; Kwon, Young-In; Oh, Chen Gum; Lee, Jong Ho

doi:10.1039/c4fo00469h

Cited by 56 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This observation may indicate that GO2KA1 acts as a PPARγ ligand as rosiglitazone but the affinity to PPARγ may be weaker than the synthetic drug or GO2KA1 may mediate auto‐downregulation of PPARγ in a yet unidentified mechanism. It is important to note that increased adiponectin expression in adipocytes is consistent with our clinical observation that GO2KA1 supplementation increased plasma adiponectin level concomitant with improved glucose tolerance in prediabetic patients .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Also, this postprandial blood glucose‐lowering effect was confirmed in healthy individuals who received oral sucrose tolerance test . Furthermore, GO2KA1 supplementation significantly reduced postprandial glucose absorption with increased plasma adiponectin levels in our intervention study. However, the underlying mechanisms by which GO2KA1 suppresses the absorption of glucose into the blood stream and increases plasma adiponectin levels still remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Herein we demonstrated that low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) exerted a dual mode of antidiabetic action both at the intestinal and the peripheral tissue levels. The concentrations of GO2KA1 used for both cell lines are chosen to reflect physiological relevance based on our previous animal and human studies as well as others . We found that GO2KA1 suppressed activity of intestinal α‐glucosidase enzyme and expression of intestinal SGLT1 and GLUT2 in Caco‐2 cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antidiabetic effect of chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) is mediated via inhibition of intestinal alpha‐glucosidase and glucose transporters and PPARγ expression

Kwon

Lee

et al. 2016

BioFactors

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We have previously reported that administration of low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) significantly suppressed postprandial blood glucose rise with increased plasma adiponectin and HbA1c levels in animals and humans. However, the cellular mechanisms whereby GO2KA1 exerts antihyperglycemic effects still remain to be determined. Using intestinal Caco-2 cells and 3T3-L1 cells, here we show that GO2KA1 has dual modes of antidiabetic action by (1) inhibiting intestinal α-glucosidase as well as glucose transporters SGLT1 and GLUT2 that were distinct from the acarbose effect; (2) enhancing adipocyte differentiation, PPARγ expression and its target genes, such as FABP4, adiponectin, and GLUT4, whereas the effects were abolished by co-treatment with BADGE, a PPARγ antagonist. Moreover, GO2KA1 significantly increased glucose uptake, which was reduced in the presence of BADGE. Our data show that GO2KA1 may prevent hyperglycemia by inhibiting intestinal glucose digestion and transport and also enhance glucose uptake, at least in part, by upregulating adiponectin expression through PPARγ in adipocytes. These findings may provide potential molecular modes of action for the antidiabetic effects of chitosan oligosaccharide observed in clinical and animal studies. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):90-99, 2017.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antidiabetic effect of chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) is mediated via inhibition of intestinal alpha‐glucosidase and glucose transporters and PPARγ expression

Kwon

Lee

et al. 2016

BioFactors

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“…We hypothesized that a similar reduction in OGTT glucose levels at 120 minutes would be observed after AF treatment among the target population in this study, which is considered clinically meaningful [13]. Power analysis indicated that a total sample of 40 subjects, 20 in each group, would be required to detect a 19.24 mg/dL reduction in glucose at 120 minutes, with a significance level of 0.05 and at least 80 % power.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antihyperglycemic effect of short-term arginyl-fructose supplementation in subjects with prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

Park

Kim

Kwak

et al. 2015

Trials

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BackgroundA previous study reported that arginyl-fructose may have great value as a functional food with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. However, there have been few clinical studies on the efficacy of arginyl-fructose supplementation for blood glucose control.MethodsIn this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 60 Korean subjects with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to placebo or test groups. The test group subjects received 1500 mg/day arginyl-fructose. Fasting serum levels of glucose, hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and free fatty acids were measured by 2-hour oral glucose tolerance tests at baseline and after the 6-week intervention. Eleven subjects dropped out or were excluded during the trial. The data for the remaining 49 were statistically analyzed using Student’s t-test and paired t-test.ResultsAfter the 6-week intervention, the test group showed significant reductions in serum glucose levels at 30 minutes (−19.4 ± 5.62 mg/dL) and 60 minutes (−15.4 ± 7.01 mg/dL) and reduced glucose area under the curve (−27.4 ± 8.59 mg/dL) compared with those of the placebo control group. The changes (differences from baseline) in serum glucose levels at 60 minutes and glucose area under the curve in the test group differed significantly from those in the control group even after adjusting for baseline values. In contrast, glucose-related biomarkers including hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and C-peptide levels were not significantly improved by the dietary intervention with arginyl-fructose.ConclusionsArginyl-fructose supplementation (1500 mg/day) may be beneficial for reducing postprandial blood glucose levels in patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02285231. Registered 11 May 2014.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-015-1036-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…A number of publications have been devoted to the antidiabetic effect of COS. For instance, low molecular weight COS has the potential for hyperglycemia management and provides a strong rationale for T2DM prevention via COS 17. COS can help control postprandial glucose in subjects with prediabetes 18. COS demonstrates its antidiabetic effect by inhibiting the expression of intestinal α-glucosidase, glucose transporters, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ 19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan oligosaccharide improves the therapeutic efficacy of sitagliptin for the therapy of Chinese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Zhao¹,

Sun²,

Wang³

2017

TCRM

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Sitagliptin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients but its side effects are undesirable. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is expected to improve the therapeutic result as a natural product. A total of 200 elderly T2DM patients were evenly assigned into four groups: sitagliptin group (SG), receiving sitagliptin 100 mg/day; COS group (CG), receiving COS 100 mg/day; combination therapy of sitagliptin and COS group (SCG), receiving both sitagliptin and COS 100 mg/day; and placebo group (PG), receiving placebo 100 mg/day. After 42-week therapy, biochemical indices and clinical parameters for the alterations from start points were analyzed. The related molecular mechanism was tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot at cell level. Lower risk of hypoglycemia was found in the SCG group when compared with SG and other groups (P<0.05). More patients from the SCG group than other groups attained hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction >2.5% (P<0.05). Weight reduction of 1.2±0.9, 2.6±0.8, 4.7±1.3, and 0.9±0.6 kg was observed in the patients from SG, CG, SCG, and PG groups, respectively (P<0.05). The combined treatment of COS and sitagliptin presented better therapeutic results by improving insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, adiponectin levels, and glucagon-like peptide 1 and reducing side effects, insulin resistance, HbA1c, body mass index, resistin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP) (P<0.05). qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis also showed that COS treatment reduced the levels of resistin, TNF-α, and CRP, and increased the level of adiponectin. The combination of COS and sitagliptin provided better glycemic control with fewer side effects and with more weight reduction in the elderly participants with T2DM.

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The effects of chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) supplementation on glucose control in subjects with prediabetes

Cited by 56 publications

References 39 publications

Antidiabetic effect of chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) is mediated via inhibition of intestinal alpha‐glucosidase and glucose transporters and PPARγ expression

Antidiabetic effect of chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) is mediated via inhibition of intestinal alpha‐glucosidase and glucose transporters and PPARγ expression

Antihyperglycemic effect of short-term arginyl-fructose supplementation in subjects with prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

Chitosan oligosaccharide improves the therapeutic efficacy of sitagliptin for the therapy of Chinese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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