Antihyperglycemic effect of short-term arginyl-fructose supplementation in subjects with prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

Abstract

BackgroundA previous study reported that arginyl-fructose may have great value as a functional food with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. However, there have been few clinical studies on the efficacy of arginyl-fructose supplementation for blood glucose control.MethodsIn this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 60 Korean subjects with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to placebo or test groups. The test group subjects received 1500 mg/day arginyl-fructose. Fasting serum levels of glucose, hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and free fatty acids were measured by 2-hour oral glucose tolerance tests at baseline and after the 6-week intervention. Eleven subjects dropped out or were excluded during the trial. The data for the remaining 49 were statistically analyzed using Student’s t-test and paired t-test.ResultsAfter the 6-week intervention, the test group showed significant reductions in serum glucose levels at 30 minutes (−19.4 ± 5.62 mg/dL) and 60 minutes (−15.4 ± 7.01 mg/dL) and reduced glucose area under the curve (−27.4 ± 8.59 mg/dL) compared with those of the placebo control group. The changes (differences from baseline) in serum glucose levels at 60 minutes and glucose area under the curve in the test group differed significantly from those in the control group even after adjusting for baseline values. In contrast, glucose-related biomarkers including hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and C-peptide levels were not significantly improved by the dietary intervention with arginyl-fructose.ConclusionsArginyl-fructose supplementation (1500 mg/day) may be beneficial for reducing postprandial blood glucose levels in patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02285231. Registered 11 May 2014.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-015-1036-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Calorie Restriction Effect of Heat-Processed Onion Extract (ONI) Using In Vitro and In Vivo Animal Models

“…In our previous study, we reported that arginyl-fructose (AF) and arginyl-fructosyl-glucose (AFG) produced by heat-processing in Korean ginseng can reduce carbohydrate absorption by inhibiting intestinal carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes in both in vitro and in vivo animal models [ 16 , 17 ]. The postprandial anti-hyperglycemia effect of AF from heat-processed Korean ginseng in db/db animal model and human clinical trials was also reported by our previous study [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Arginyl-fructosyl-glucose, a major Maillard reaction product of red ginseng mitigates cisplatin-evoked intestinal toxicity in vivo and in vitro

“…This study has shown that TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum of mice significantly increase, and immunofluorescence analysis also indicated that AFG could antagonize NF-κB overexpression and play an important role in cisplatin-induced intestinal toxicity. Meanwhile, the specific expression of NF-κB plays a harmful role in the expression of colitis-related proteins causing intestinal injury, 45 and inflammatory cells also lead to the emergence and development of a variety of diseases, including cisplatin-induced renal and gastrointestinal injury. 46 Consistently, this study has indicated the activation of NF-κB and the enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory proteins such as IKKα/β and IκBα.…”

Gene-Diet Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes: The Chicken and Egg Debate

“…Arginyl-fructose has potential as a pharmacological agent for glycemic control since it significantly reduces postprandial blood glucose levels in rodents and humans. In contrast, glucose-related biomarkers including HbA1, insulin, and C-peptide levels were not significantly improved by dietary supplementation with arginyl-fructose [ 153 , 154 ].…”