The effects of changing water flow velocity on the formation of biofilms and water quality in pilot distribution system consisting of copper or polyethylene pipes

Lehtola, Markku J.; Laxander, Michaela; Miettinen, Ilkka T.; Hirvonen, Arja; Vartiainen, Terttu; Martikainen, Pertti J.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2006.04.010

Cited by 178 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Some of the factors influencing HPCs include temperature, residence time within and through the network (water age), disinfection regime and residual disinfectant, organic molecule food sources, flow velocity and patterns, and sediments [19][20][21][22]. HPC only determines a very low percentage (<1% to 10%) of the total bacteria.…”

Section: Hypotheses On Factors Influencing Microbial Water Quality Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating Water Quality and Age in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Using Self-Organising Maps

et al. 2016

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Understanding and managing water quality in drinking water distribution system is essential for public health and wellbeing, but is challenging due to the number and complexity of interacting physical, chemical and biological processes occurring within vast, deteriorating pipe networks. In this paper we explore the application of Self Organising Map techniques to derive such understanding from international data sets, demonstrating how multivariate, non-linear techniques can be used to identify relationships that are not discernible using univariate and/or linear analysis methods for drinking water quality. The paper reports on how various microbial parameters correlated with modelled water ages and were influenced by water temperatures in three drinking water distribution systems.

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Section: Hypotheses On Factors Influencing Microbial Water Quality Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating Water Quality and Age in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Using Self-Organising Maps

et al. 2016

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“…The water pipe age and material contribute to the biofilm growth. Certain materials used for water pipe production can contribute to the release of chemical compounds (eg copper, iron, phosphorus) that intensify the biofilm growth [36,[46][47][48][49].…”

Section: Microbiological Analyses Of Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Using ATP tests for assessment of hygiene risks

Pistelok

Pohl

Stuczyński

et al. 2016

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) is a high-energy molecule playing a role of universal energy carrier used in cell metabolism. Since ATP is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, this coenzyme can be used to determine a hygiene state. During last decade there has been a significant growth of practical applications of ATP measurements. ATP tests are commonly used for an assessment of hygienic conditions in food industry, residential buildings and hotels. In comparison with traditional and time-consuming laborious microbial analysis the measurement of ATP provides a quick indicative on-site data, characterizing microbial and organic contamination to support decision-making with regards to adequate corrective and preventive actions. This paper demonstrates applications of ATP in practice and, particularly, in water treatment technology and wastewater processing. The review highlights opportunities for using the test for the optimization of water treatment facilities and pipe networks functioning in order to assess wastewater toxicity and wastewater treatment process efficiency. Other areas of application are also addressed. The review of literature indicates that ATP used in different areas of industry can be considered as a diagnostic method -complement the classical methods -useful for identification of hygiene risks as well as a tool for a real-time management of health and environmental risks.

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“…6 Generally, most water distribution systems are characterised by the presence of biofilms, regardless of purity, the type of pipe material used for distribution or the presence of a disinfectant. 7 Bacteria in drinking water systems can therefore grow in bulk water and as biofilms attached to the walls of pipes. 8 Moreover, the development of biofilms inside water distribution pipes facilitates the propagation of mixed microbial populations and is considered the main source of planktonic bacteria in water supply systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm formation in surface and drinking water distribution systems in Mafikeng, South Africa

2014

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Poor quality source water and poorly treated reused wastewater may result in poor quality drinking water that has a higher potential to form biofilms. A biofilm is a group of microorganisms which adhere to a surface. We investigated biofilm growth in the drinking water distribution systems in the Mafikeng area, in the North- West Province of South Africa. Analysis was conducted to determine the presence of faecal coliforms, total coliforms, Pseudomonas spp. and Aeromonas spp. in the biofilms. Biofilms were grown on a device that contained copper and galvanised steel coupons. A mini tap filter – a point-of-use treatment device which can be used at a single faucet – was also used to collect samples. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that multi-species biofilms developed on all the coupons as well as on the point-of-use filters. Galvanised steel and carbon filters had the highest density of biofilm. Total coliforms, faecal coliforms and Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from raw water biofilm coupons only. Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from filters. The susceptibility of selected isolates was tested against 11 antibiotics of clinical interest. The most prevalent antibiotic resistance phenotype observed was KF-AP-C-E-OT-K-TM-A. The presence of virulence genes was determined using the polymerase chain reaction. These results indicate that bacteria present in the water have the ability to colonise as biofilms and drinking water biofilms may be a reservoir for opportunistic bacteria including Pseudomonas and Aeromonas species.

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The effects of changing water flow velocity on the formation of biofilms and water quality in pilot distribution system consisting of copper or polyethylene pipes

Cited by 178 publications

References 17 publications

Relating Water Quality and Age in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Using Self-Organising Maps

Relating Water Quality and Age in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Using Self-Organising Maps

Using ATP tests for assessment of hygiene risks

Biofilm formation in surface and drinking water distribution systems in Mafikeng, South Africa

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