The effects of caregiver and household HIV on child development: a community‐based longitudinal study of young children

Sherr, Lorraine; Skeen, Sarah; Hensels, I. S.; Tomlinson, Mark; Macedo, Ana

doi:10.1111/cch.12387

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In addition, the self-report prosocial subscale was used together with the parent prosocial subscale [ 76 ] and the teacher total difficulty score [ 63 ]. Three studies did not specify which version of the SDQ was used [ 72 – 74 ]. One study used an unauthorised modified 10-item version of the SDQ-P [ 51 ] which assessed total difficulties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peer problems were among the common mental health difficulties for children orphaned due to AIDS [ 26 , 28 , 31 , 77 ], followed by posttraumatic stress disorder [ 26 , 28 ] and conduct problems [ 28 , 31 ]. Studies included examination of emotional and behavioural difficulties in HIV positive adolescents [ 29 , 61 , 64 ], the impact of parental HIV/AIDS status and death on the mental health of the child [ 34 ], psychosocial adjustment of children affected by HIV/AIDS [ 37 ], evaluation of community art therapy intervention on the mental health of children affected by HIV [ 38 ], randomised controlled trials pilot evaluation [ 45 ], caregiver social support [ 33 ], positive parenting [ 48 ], and in the provision and outcomes of community-based organizations for children and adolescents [ 54 , 67 , 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interpersonal violence in the home and community predicted internalising and externalising behaviour problems. Harsh physical discipline also predicted behavioural problems in children Sherr (2016) [ 74 ] South Africa and Malawi 4–13 Examine the effects of caregiver and household HIV on child development HIV/AIDS, child development Version not specified 808 caregiver – child dyads, compared over having a HIV caregiver, having HIV in the household and no HIV Not specified None mentioned Not specified Did not specify cut-off scores to make comparisons Not specified Many negative child developmental outcomes was associated by HIV burden, and was mediated by caregiver depression levels. The familial burden of HIV at baseline affected child behavioural problem as follow indirectly as a result of depression of the caregiver.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in Africa: a scoping review of its application and validation

Hoosen

Davids

Vries

et al. 2018

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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BackgroundChild and adolescent mental health in Africa remains largely neglected. Quick and cost-effective ways for early detection may aid early intervention. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is globally used to screen for mental health problems, but little is known about its use in Africa. We set out to perform a scoping review to examine existing studies that have used the SDQ in Africa.MethodsA comprehensive scoping review methodology was used to identify all peer-reviewed studies ever published that have used the SDQ in Africa. Data were extracted and analysed to assess the countries, languages and SDQ versions used, the purpose of the SDQ studies, psychometric properties of the SDQ, and to consider knowledge gaps for future in-country and cross-country studies.ResultsFifty-four studies from 12 African countries were identified, most from South Africa. Many different languages were used, but authorized SDQs in those languages were not always available on the SDQinfo website. Authors frequently commented on challenges in the translation and backtranslation of mental health terminology in African languages. The SDQ was typically used to investigate internalisation/externalization disorders in different clinical populations, and was most frequently used in the evaluation of children and adolescents affected by HIV/AIDS. Sixteen studies (29.6%) administered the SDQ to participants outside the intended age range, only 4 (7.4%) used triangulation of all versions to generate assessments, and eight studies (14.8%) used only subscales of the SDQ. Only one study conducted thorough psychometric validation of the SDQ, including examination of internal consistency and factor analysis. Where ‘caseness’ was defined in studies, UK cut-off scores were used in all but one of the studies.ConclusionsThe SDQ may be a very useful tool in an African setting, but the scoping review suggested that, where it was used in Africa researchers did not always follow instrument guidelines, and highlighted that very little is known about the psychometric properties of the SDQ in Africa. We recommend comprehensive evaluation of the psychometric properties of the SDQ in various African languages, including internal consistency, factor structure, need for local cut-off values and ensuring cultural equivalence of the instrument.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in Africa: a scoping review of its application and validation

Hoosen

Davids

Vries

et al. 2018

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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“…8 If the caregiver's coping strategy is good, the child's quality-of-life (QoL) will improve, and vice versa. 9 Improving the quality-of-life of HIV children is the focus of current management of HIV-infected children. QoL data of Indonesian children with HIV and the role of caregivers are still very limited, as most studies focused on the quality-of-life of HIV patients in adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average age of Indonesian children living with HIV that met the inclusion criteria was 7.7±3.68 years, with a median value of 7(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) years. Meanwhile, the average participant's age was 40.2±11.26 years, with a median value of 38 (20-68) years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Quality-of-Life (QoL) of Indonesian Children Living with HIV: The Role of Caregiver Stigma, Burden of Care, and Coping</p>

Putera¹,

Irwanto²,

Maramis³

2020

HIV

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Background: Treatment of children with HIV infection has increased rapidly by increasing the life span of HIV patients from baby to adult. Improving the quality-of-life (QoL) in children living with HIV is a priority of HIV management in children and caregivers of children living with HIV have important roles. Caregiver stigma, caregiver burden, and caregiver coping affect caregivers in treating children living with HIV. Objective: Analyzing the association of caregiver stigma, caregiver burden, and caregiver coping on QoL of Indonesian children living with HIV. Methods: Participants in this study were caregivers of Indonesian children living with HIV. Participants were measured for caregiver stigma, caregiver burden, caregiver coping, and QoL of Indonesian children living with HIV. The instrument used in measuring caregiver stigma was people living with HIV/AIDS and caregiver questionnaire, caregiver burden used Zarit Burden questionnaire, caregiver coping used F-COPES questionnaire, and QoL used PedsQL for children aged 2-18 years old. Measurement data were analyzed using logistic regression and independent t tests with P<0.05. Results: Indonesian children living with HIV in this study had an average age of 7.7±3.68 years and average participant age of 40.2±11.26 years. All participants stated that Indonesian children living with HIV tend to keep their health status confidential. Most QoL of Indonesian children living with HIV was good (71.7%), caregiver stigma value was 21.7±2.06, and caregiver burden level was moderate, of 50.9%. However, there was no significant association between caregiver stigma (β=0.064; P=0.548) and burden level (β=0.058; P=0.593) on QoL. On the other hand, caregiver coping value was 77.2±7.30, and there was a significant association of caregiver coping on QoL (β=−0.196; P=0.049). Conclusion: There is an association of caregiver coping on QoL of Indonesian children living with HIV, in which the higher the caregiver coping, the lower the QoL. Meanwhile, there is no significant association of caregiver stigma and burden on QoL of Indonesian children living with HIV.

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Neurodevelopment among children exposed to HIV and uninfected in sub‐Saharan Africa

Bulterys,

Njuguna,

Mahy

et al. 2023

J Int AIDS Soc.

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IntroductionThe population of 16 million children exposed to HIV and uninfected (CHEU) under 15 years of age continues to expand rapidly, and the estimated prevalence of CHEU exceeds 20% in several countries in sub‐Saharan Africa with high HIV prevalence. Some evidence suggests that CHEU experience suboptimal neurodevelopmental outcomes compared to children born to women without HIV. In this commentary, we discuss the latest research on biologic and socio‐behavioural factors associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes among CHEU.DiscussionSome but not all studies have noted that CHEU are at risk of poorer neurodevelopment across multiple cognitive domains, most notably in language and motor skills, in diverse settings, ages and using varied assessment tools. Foetal HIV exposure can adversely influence infant immune function, structural brain integrity and growth trajectories. Foetal exposure to antiretrovirals may also influence outcomes. Moreover, general, non‐CHEU‐specific risk factors for poor neurodevelopment, such as preterm birth, food insecurity, growth faltering and household violence, are amplified among CHEU; addressing these factors will require multi‐factorial solutions. There is a need for rigorous harmonised approaches to identify children at the highest risk of delay. In high‐burden HIV settings, existing maternal child health programmes serving the general population could adopt structured early child development programmes that educate healthcare workers on CHEU‐specific risk factors and train them to conduct rapid neurodevelopmental screening tests. Community‐based interventions targeting parent knowledge of optimal caregiving practices have shown to be successful in improving neurodevelopmental outcomes in children and should be adapted for CHEU.ConclusionsCHEU in sub‐Saharan Africa have biologic and socio‐behavioural factors that may influence their neurodevelopment, brain maturation, immune system and overall health and wellbeing. Multidisciplinary research is needed to disentangle complex interactions between contributing factors. Common environmental and social risk factors for suboptimal neurodevelopment in the general population are disproportionately magnified within the CHEU population, and it is, therefore, important to draw on existing knowledge when considering the socio‐behavioural pathways through which HIV exposure could impact CHEU neurodevelopment. Approaches to identify children at greatest risk for poor outcomes and multisectoral interventions are needed to ensure optimal outcomes for CHEU in sub‐Saharan Africa.

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The effects of caregiver and household HIV on child development: a community‐based longitudinal study of young children

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in Africa: a scoping review of its application and validation

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in Africa: a scoping review of its application and validation

<p>Quality-of-Life (QoL) of Indonesian Children Living with HIV: The Role of Caregiver Stigma, Burden of Care, and Coping</p>

Neurodevelopment among children exposed to HIV and uninfected in sub‐Saharan Africa

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