The Effects of Cannabis Use during Pregnancy on Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Baía, Inês; Domingues, Rosa Maria Soares Madeira

doi:10.1055/a-1911-3326

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…This limitation is particularly important in interpreting the results for individuals who use both nicotine and cannabis. Our estimated OR for cigarette use might be overestimated, given the reported associations of cannabis use with SGA and low birth weight . Seventh, we dichotomized e-cigarette and cigarette use (use vs nonuse) due to limited sample sizes of the original frequency categories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of E-Cigarettes and Cigarettes During Late Pregnancy Among Adolescents

Wen,

Liu,

Moe

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportancePregnant adolescents sometimes use cigarettes; however, little is known about e-cigarette use among pregnant adolescents, a population with increased health vulnerability.ObjectiveTo examine yearly trends, sociodemographic and pregnancy-related determinants, and the association with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth of e-cigarette and/or cigarette use during late pregnancy among adolescents.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used existing data from the 2016-2021 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System on 10 428 US adolescents aged 10 to 19 years who had a singleton birth with complete data on e-cigarette or cigarette use and SGA birth.ExposureAdolescents reported e-cigarette and cigarette use during the last 3 months of pregnancy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSGA birth (birth weight below the 10th percentile for the same sex and gestational duration) was determined from birth certificates. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare the odds of SGA birth across pregnant adolescents who exclusively used e-cigarettes, exclusively used cigarettes, used e-cigarettes and cigarettes, or did not use either.ResultsOf the 10 428 pregnant adolescents, 72.7% were aged 18 or 19 years; 58.9% self-identified as White and 23.3% as Black; and 69.8% were non-Hispanic. The weighted prevalence of exclusive e-cigarette use during late pregnancy increased from 0.8% in 2016 to 4.1% in 2021, while the prevalence of exclusive cigarette use decreased from 9.2% in 2017 to 3.2% in 2021. The prevalence of dual use fluctuated, ranging from 0.6% to 1.6%. White pregnant adolescents were more likely than those who self-identified as another race and ethnicity to use e-cigarettes (2.7% vs 1.0% for American Indian or Alaska Native adolescents, 0.8% for Asian or other race adolescents, 0.6% for Black adolescents, and 0.7% for multiracial adolescents). Compared with those who did not use either product, adolescents who exclusively used e-cigarettes (16.8% vs 12.9%; confounder-adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.68 [95% CI, 0.89-3.18]) or who used cigarettes and e-cigarettes (17.6% vs 12.9%; AOR, 1.68 [95% CI, 0.79-3.53]) had no statistically significant difference in risk of SGA birth. However, adolescents who exclusively used cigarettes had a more than 2-fold higher risk of SGA birth (24.6% vs 12.9%; AOR, 2.51 [95% CI, 1.79-3.52]).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study suggests that pregnant adolescents increasingly used e-cigarettes, with the highest use among White adolescents. Results from this analysis found that, unlike cigarette use, e-cigarette use during late pregnancy was not statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of SGA birth among adolescents. Due to the uncertainty of this nonsignificant association, future research could benefit from a larger sample size.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of E-Cigarettes and Cigarettes During Late Pregnancy Among Adolescents

Wen,

Liu,

Moe

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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“…Preventive strategies were divided into the 10 following categories: midwifery care, health promotion programs for smoking cessation, alcohol reduction during pregnancy, folic acid, vitamin D, iron, and zinc supplementation, a well-balanced diet, COVID-19 vaccination and cannabis use during pregnancy. The most significant and high-quality publications focusing on preventive strategies [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ] are summarized in Table 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, in a randomized controlled trial carried out by Higgins et al, it was shown that financial incentives added to Best Practice increase smoking cessation among not only antepartum, but also postpartum women, were reducing the risk of SGA and potential adverse outcomes [ 30 , 74 ]. A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by Baía et al showed that using cannabis by pregnant women appeared to increase the risk of SGA [ 31 ]. Alcohol consumption is also linked with adverse perinatal outcomes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Prevention of Health Complications in Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Births in Relation to Maternal Characteristics: A Narrative Review

Wołejszo

Genowska

Motkowski

et al. 2023

JCM

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Small for gestational age (SGA) births are a significant clinical and public health issue. The objective of this review was to summarize maternal biological and socio-demographic factors and preventive strategies used to reduce the risk of SGA births. A literature search encompassing data from the last 15 years was conducted using electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus to review risk factors and preventive strategies for SGA. Current evidence shows that primiparity, previous stillbirths, maternal age ≤24 and ≥35 years, single motherhood, low socio-economic status, smoking and cannabis use during pregnancy confer a significant risk of SGA births. Studies on alcohol consumption during pregnancy and SGA birth weight are inconclusive. Beneficial and preventive factors include the “Mediterranean diet” and dietary intake of vegetables. Periconceptional folic acid supplementation, maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D, zinc and iron levels are partly associated with birth weight. No significant associations between COVID-19 vaccinations and birthweight are reported. A midwifery-led model based on early and extensive prenatal care reduces the risk of SGA births in women with low socio-economic status. Major preventive measures relate to the awareness of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of SGA, leading to changes in parents’ lifestyles. These data support that education, monitoring during pregnancy, and implementing preventive strategies are as important as biological determinants in risk reduction of SGA births.

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“…In recent large systematic reviews, prenatal cannabis use was associated with greater odds of preterm birth, smallfor-gestational-age, and perinatal mortality even after accounting for prenatal tobacco use. 71,72 THC crosses the placenta and can result in fetal blood levels of THC comparable to maternal blood levels. 73 The fetal ECS plays a key role in regulating and signaling the embryonic development of neural cells in functional areas such as the forebrain and hippocampus.…”

Section: Risk During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis Science and Therapeutics: An Overview for Clinicians

Sera,

Hempel‐Sanderoff

2024

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

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Cannabis‐based therapeutics have garnered increasing attention in recent years as patients seek alternative treatments for various medical conditions. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the science behind the medical use of cannabis, focusing on the medical evidence for commonly treated conditions. In addition, the review addresses the practical considerations of using cannabis as a therapeutic agent, offering insights into dosing strategies, variations in cannabinoid formulation, and individual patient responses. Precautions, adverse consequences, and drug interactions are also discussed, with a focus on patient safety and the potential risks associated with cannabis use.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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The Effects of Cannabis Use during Pregnancy on Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Cited by 16 publications

References 68 publications

Use of E-Cigarettes and Cigarettes During Late Pregnancy Among Adolescents

Use of E-Cigarettes and Cigarettes During Late Pregnancy Among Adolescents

Insights into Prevention of Health Complications in Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Births in Relation to Maternal Characteristics: A Narrative Review

Cannabis Science and Therapeutics: An Overview for Clinicians

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